Police Cis Essay

This is known as predictive policing. Predictive policing has led to a drop in burglaries, automobile thefts, and other crimes in some cities. From the 1800’s until about the 1980’s the strategy of many agencies was to have uniformed police randomly patrol the streets, the outcome of these patrols were to hopefully deter crimes with the police presence, interrupt crimes in progress and to apprehend criminals. Since then the random police patrol has in fact lessened with the use of IT to optimize the patrolling. IT is a very important part of law enforcement since we live in a world where talking to the police is shunned upon, so if we can use a software to track and deter crime then it will be vey beneficial. The goal of this was to reestablish relationships between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. With the use of IT together the two parties would implement strategies that would examine and resolve many of the issues or concerns in the community, but most importantly the trust between the two groups would be rebuilt. Random patrolling is still necessary to let the community see the police presence. Without the community physically seeing police their opinions of them would be negative. It’s very important to know that IT is used in addition to the normal patrolling method not as a replacement. The four key components of COMPSTAT are time and accurate intelligence, effective tactics, rapid deployment, and relentless follow-up and assessment. Accurate information on crime should be entered daily rather than waiting a long period of time. Time and accurate intelligence usually consists of inputting the following information in the system: the type of crimes taking place, the locations the crimes that are occurring, how the crime is committed and who is committing the crime. Effective Tactics or Processing are tactics that law enforcement officials use to examine the accuracy of the data inputted in the system input. Effective Tactics will examine the data compiled both old and new, develop new strategies, implement tactics that will have a positive effect on social and situational changes, develop tactics for the correlating crime trends. Rapid deployment or Output is the act of effective strategies’ put in place. Rapid deployment normally encourages law enforcement agencies to work together as a joint task force to achieve the goal of the agency as a whole. Relentless Follow-up and Assessment to me is the most important part of COMPSTAT because you see the achievements and failures of policies put in place. Relentless Follow-up and Assessment also called Feedback is reviewing strategies implemented, confirming the outcomes of the implements strategy, identifying if the outcome was positive or negative and confirming the strategy resolved issues that it was intended to. Because COMPSTAT utilizes Geographic Information System (GIS) to display the vicinities where crime is taking place, identifies high crime rate areas known as â€Å"hot spots† and potential problematic areas as well. COMPSTAT gathers an immense amount of old crime data which it converts into algorithms that cross reference old crime data which foreshadow crime in the future to law enforcement agencies. The evolution of technology has enabled law officials to determine the high crime areas and staff them appropriately, which leads to a faster response time, and successful crime deterrence. The program is cost effective to large agencies but available to all. Like all new technology proper training is required to learn how to efficiently and properly utilize this system. Many would say, the greatest advantage of this system is that police presence is continuously felt and criminals tend to think twice before acting, as response time will be immediate. With the existence of this presence community relationships have shown to grow stronger and the citizens feel safer and more compelled to share information about criminal activity, which can help solidify nformation that is inputted into the system. Since many police agencies intend to implement predictive-policing in their departments they should know the advantages and disadvantages of it. The most popular advantage is the reduction in cost to the agency, this is popular presently because there are so many cuts happening due to the economy this helps out a lot. The budgets of many police agencies are getting smaller and smaller year-by-year, so by being able to pinpoint the exact location of crimes and to put your offices in the â€Å"hotspots† can potentially be a big money saver for the force. Another advantage is the software is very user friendly and easy to use, the amount of training for the officers would not be as much as with other software’s have proven to be and it is also less expensive for larger agencies. However, like everything there are also some disadvantages. The biggest one is the software is not compatible with other software’s that are currently used by most agencies, which will keep agencies from effectively communicating with outside agencies.

Fdi in Automobile Essay

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a direct investment into production or bus iness in a country by a company in another country, either by buying a company in the target country or by expanding operations of an existing business in that country. Foreign direct investment is in contrast to portfolio investment which is a passive investment in the securities of another country such as stocks and bonds. Foreign direct investment has many forms. Broadly, foreign direct investment includes â€Å"mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intracompany loans†. [1] In a narrow sense, foreign direct investment refers just to building new facilities. FDI Inflows to Automobile Industry have been at an increasing rate as India has witnessed a major economic liberalization over the years in terms of various industries. The automobile sector in India is growing by 18 percent per year. The Automobile Sector in India- The automobile sector in the Indian industry is one of the high performing sectors of the Indian economy. This has contributed largely in making India a prime destination for many international players in the automobile industry who wish to set up their businesses in India. The automobile industry in India is growing by 18 percent per year. The automobile sector in India was opened up to foreign investments in the year 1991. 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed in the automobile industry in India. The production level of the automobile sector has increased from 2 million in 1991 to 9. 7 million in 2006 after the participation of global players in the sector. FDI IN AUTOMOBILE †¢ The automobile industry in India is growing by 18 percent per year. The automobile sector in India was opened up to foreign investments in the year 1991. †¢ 100%Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is allowed in the automobile industry in India. †¢ The production level of the automobile sector has increased from 2 million in 1991 to 9. 7 million in 2006 after the participation of global players in the sector. †¢ Import of components is allowed without any restrictions and also encouraged. Advantages of FDI in the Automobile Sector in India The basic advantages provided by India in the automobile sector include, advanced technology, cost-effectiveness, and efficient manpower. Besides, India has a well-developed and competent Auto Ancillary Industry along with automobile testing and R&D centers. The automobile sector in India ranks third in manufacturing three wheelers and second in manufacturing of two wheelers. Opportunities of FDI in the Automobile Sector in India Opportunities of FDI in the Automobile Sector in India exist in * Establishing Engineering Centers * Two Wheeler Segment * Exports * Establishing Research and Development Centers * Heavy truck Segment * Passenger Car Segment. Important Aspects of FDI in Automobile Industry * FDI up to 100 percent, has been permitted under automatic route to this sector, which has led to a turn over of USD 12 billion in the Indian auto industry and USD 3 billion in the auto parts industry * The manufacturing of automobiles and components are permitted 100 percent FDI under automatic route * The automobile industry in India does not belong to the licensed agreement * Import of components is allowed without any restrictions and also encouraged. The FDI or Foreign Direct Investment in Indian Automobile Industry has opened up new avenues for the development of this important sector of Indian industries. The liberalization of government policies regarding FDI in the automobile industry of India has increased the scope of this industry. Initially, the automobile industry of India was ruled by national vehicle manufacturers like Premier Automobile and Hindustan Motors. The entrance of foreign automobile companies in the market was restricted by the imposition of high import tariffs and other policies and measures. The first FDI player in the Indian automobile industry was Suzuki. In 1980s this company entered into a joint venture with Maruti Udyog, a state run enterprise. The then Indian government permitted this company to enter the Indian automobile market in 1983. In 1991, the government of India liberalized its policies regarding the automobile industry of India Foreign Direct Investment in the automotive industry of India was permitted. In 1993, FDI was also allowed in the passenger car segment of Indian automobile industry. | The liberalization of governance policies with regard to FDI in Indian automobile industry has resulted in the rapid growth of this industrial sector post 1993. The major global players in the automobile industry have invested in the Indian vehicle manufacture as well as auto component part manufacture. The major foreign players who have a significant role in the development of Indian automobile industry include the following: Ford from USA. DaimlerChrysler AG from Germany General Motors from USA Suzuki from Japan BMW from Germany Honda from Japan Renault from France Hyundai from South Korea Toyota from Japan Foreign Direct Investment in the automobile industry of India has helped in the growth of this sector in terms of production, domestic sales and export. FDI is also permitted in the manufacture of auto components in India.

ASPCA ASPCA Uses Aristotles Power of Persuasion

This is an animal that should not live alone like this; it can truly pull a few heart ties and bring a lot of emotions like sadness, anger, even happiness. For example, what can you do to help such a thing make most people feel amazing, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, great, amazing, great. As they continue to browse advertisements, they notice how some animals get help and find a house, it usually makes them happy. On the ASPCA website, The Association for the Prevention of Atrocities to American Animals (ASPCA) considers consumption of animal products such as animals, milk and eggs to be personal and personal decisions I will. It should be handled humanely. It is the same as most Americans. However, this policy quietly left the site at some point. Now, ASPCA says: Pain in livestock can be reduced through a more humanitarian agricultural practice and awareness of animal welfare and a decrease in consumption of animal products. This is perfect HSUS 'official' It is similar to optimization, exchange We will replace the goal of meat and dairy products. One of the initial goals of ASPCA was to improve animal health and happiness. The first animal hospital under ASPCA was founded in 1912. Since the establishment of these hospitals, ASPCA has found a new strategy to improve its cause: the ability to develop various medical procedures and innovations with the help of new discoveries in medicine and technology. ASPCA exercises local and national leadership in three key areas: care for pet parents and pets, and providing positive outcomes for endangered animals and victims of service We call itself. A cruelty of animals In addition to rescuing animals, ASPCA is also involved in disaster prevention and management. For example, before Hurricane Gustaf landed in Louisiana on September 1, 2008, the ASPCA was inspecting more than 800 animals at shelter port refuge.

The Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc - Environmental Conservation Awareness Assignment

The Rolls-Royce Holdings Plc - Environmental Conservation Awareness - Assignment Example The major characteristic that differentiates the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engine, is its enhanced environmental-friendly attributes, which sees the engine deliver the lowest lifetime fuel burn (Wall, 2014:n.p.). Therefore, environmental conservation awareness is the main drive behind the construction of this engine. In this respect, the project lifecycle will follow a well-defined process that will begin with starting phase of the project lifecycle that will entail the collaboration of the R&D and the marketing teams to define the project objectives. This will be followed by project organizing and preparing, which will share the tasks between the two teams, with the marketing team taking the responsibility for identifying the market needs and conveying the same to the R&D team, while the R&D team will take the responsibility of the actual designing of the engine. This will be followed by the carrying out the work phase of the project lifecycle, where the marketing team will provide the R&D team with the product information ranging from the appropriate design drawing, the colouring scheme of the engine and the appropriate features such as the size and weight details. On the other hand, the R& D team will be responsible for the analysis of the design of the aircraft engine with minimal noise. After the design analysis, the R&D team shall pass over the product to the marketing team for test marketing and promotion. The full launch of the product will form the closing phase of the project lifecycle. The whole project is estimated to take 3 months from the start to close. The project proposal seeks to develop a whole project engine production lifecycle, where all the necessary tools and concepts will be derived from PMBOK and similarly relevant reading materials. The project aimed at defining the project lifecycle of the development of Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engine. The essence of the project was to achieve a low noise aircraft engine, which also confers other environmental benefits.  Ã‚  

Is a universal concept of Human Rights possible Essay - 1

Is a universal concept of Human Rights possible - Essay Example The Commission, under the chairmanship of Eleanor Roosevelt, drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which was officially adopted by the UN representatives from all over the world on 10 December, 1948. The Declaration emphasized that human rights are universal regardless of person’s nationality, religion, race, cultural, economic, and social background. However, since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the world has significantly changed. The Cold War era, rise of Taliban, radical Islamism, Gaza conflict, the Middle-east War, North Korean dictatorship, recent Ukraine and Syria crisis, Charlie Hebdo attacks, constant tensions in African and south Asian regions, growing global poverty, homelessness, unemployment, violence, crimes, pollution, and the increasing North/South gap in the access to resources and wealth have regularly highlighted the failure of the UN Council and its Commissions in protecting human rights of common people around the world. The end of the Cold war led to the number of desperate attempts to establish â€Å"a new world orders.† But, such attempts have caused more social conflicts than solutions. The introduction of advanced technologies, fast transport means, and globalization began to bring people from various ethnic, social, cultural, and religious backgrounds together involunt arily and voluntarily. In the process of adjusting to pluralism, the tensions, conflicts, and confusion between people from different culture have significantly intensified. As Samuel Huntington have states, the clash of civilizations is the most visible and bitter truth of today’s world. The universality of human rights declaration has caused a stir in a political and social field since its proposal in 1947. The ideas of right and wrong, good and evil that exist in one society may not match with the

Outsourcing and Manufacturing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Outsourcing and Manufacturing - Assignment Example In addition, labor shortages in the manufacturing industry may compel them to outsource their services. This is mostly evident in china where most individuals are opting to remain in the rural areas due to the rising costs in urban areas (Loyalka, 2012). The fact that their population is fast aging is also a compelling factor for manufacturing industries in the country to outsource. For America to succeed, it ought to educate most of its students mostly in science, engineering, math, and technology (Malone, 2012). This is because most of the manufacturing positions are lacking applicants due to unavailability of the necessary skills required to partake those manufacturing jobs. Moreover, for a manager to succeed in the 21st century, they ought to have a good working relation with their employees to enable them fish out and solve any arising problems. The managers also ought to be on the lookout for any sign of labor shortage or increased cost of production that might bring their organization down. Where need be, the managers should outsource some of the services that they find expensive for their companies to

Capstone Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capstone Project - Assignment Example The proposed initiative dubbed ‘Arkansas’s Youth Gun Violence Initiative’ is a community based initiative that will involve solicitation of some ideas from the state agencies, learning institutions and non-profit organization regarding pilot programs that will reduce gun violence. The idea of the initiative is to implement a program that will promote a positive youth outcome. The proposed initiative will focus on establishing work relations among the institutions in Arkansas such as the health, school, leaders and non-profit organizations in order to identify all the drivers of youth gun violence. Identification of such drivers will aid in the establishment of relevant evidence based strategies that will focus on addressing each issue regarding the reasons why youths are involved in gun violence. The proposed initiative will involve working with all community partners that are involved with youth based institutions so as to engage the residents of Arkansas in the implementation of the initiative plan and ensure that the plan will be sustained through refraining the youth from any gun violence incidence. Gun violence in Arkansas as in many other states is highly concentrated on the young population. Thus the long-term goal for the proposed initiative is to reduce youth gun violence and increase collective efficacy in Arkansas State. The issue of youth gun violence in United States has passed extreme conditions and is now regarded as an epidemic. Between 1976 to around 1991 guns were used by an estimated 65% of the juvenile homicide offenders. Homicides resulting to gun violence have been the leading cause of death among many youths. Most male teenagers in all ethnic and racial groups are likely to die from gunshot wounds instead of natural causes. As a result of this the Department of Justice (DOJ) has over the years been involved with funding community based initiatives and policy programs to help curb the

Virginia State Local Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virginia State Local Government - Essay Example The division, however, does not end with the cultural aspect. Statistics also show that those living in the northernmost part of the state earn more and have a higher level of education than those at southern and southwestern counties. The Commonwealth Institute, a liberal thinking organization focused on Virginia, reached more or less the same conclusions, focusing more, however, on the income inequalities in the state. Without saying explicitly that the people up north are better off than their southern and southwestern counterparts, the institute found that there is a higher wage gap between whites and African-Americans in the state and this has not changed significantly since the late 1970's. This claim is supported by findings of experts that wages and salaries in the north are indeed higher than the rest of Virginia, where incidentally more African-Americans can be found. Given the existence of inequity between northern and southern counties, an obvious solution to the problem would actually be for the government to strive to make state of things equal, given the injustices and unfairness present in Virginia nowadays. However, the question is: how do legislators go about doing this For one, legislators can push for the use of other gu

Economic Policy of Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Policy of Egypt - Essay Example Hence, in this case the economic policy of Egypt is taken up for study. Egypt is one of the most populous countries in the Arab world and the country has been undergoing many significant economic and political changes. The government of Egypt has begun the reform movement in the year 1991. The most important reform that the government has done is reducing the taxes and tariffs. The other reforms include making the national budgeting information more transparent and privatization of public enterprises. The government plans to make the private sector more empowered and hopes that these measures will increase their competitiveness. The essay attempts to highlight the challenges and the opportunities that are created through the new economic policy of the Egypt. Economic indicators show that after Egypt became more vigorously engaged in a process of structural reform to increase the role of private sector, the free market and the international trade in the economy, the country's growth performance has varied from a declining phase in the latter half of the 1980s, to acceleration through much of the 1990s, followed by another declining phase during 1999-2003. The GDP growth rate of Egypt between the period of 1960 to 2000 is as follows: During the period of 1960 till 1970 the country has low growth and the share of private sector was very low. Though the government had adopted import substitution and had introduced social services, the economic growth of the country did not take off. But the period of 1975 till 1985, the country was enjoying a high growth rate in the GDP levels and this was because of the introduction of the Open door policy and from the business created through the Suez canal. Between 1986 - 1991 there was a sharp increase in the inflation rates. The rise in inflation during that period was due to the government's expansionary monetary policy to finance the fiscal deficits which was about 15% of the GDP during that period. Also during this period the government adopted the fixed exchange rate policy which resulted in a very flourishing black market. After 1991, the government of Egypt introduced stabilization efforts and the fiscal deficit decreased from 15% to 1.3 % of GDP and the inflation has returned to single digit values. Also during this period the government adopted the privatization of the state enterprises and also free exchange rate mechanism was introduced. The level of budget surplus of Egypt was -20% in 1991 and there is a huge improvement in the budget surplus to -2% in 2003 because of the combined effect of these policies. According to a study, "between 1999 - 2003, though there was an increase in the budget the country experienced several shocks including the Luxor terrorist attack in 1997, the global financial crisis of 1997-99, and a domestic financial scandal in 1998-99. All of these events had severe repercussions for Egypt and sent the economy into a decelerating growth phase. The financial scandal, in particular, had a chilling effect on the growth of credit to the private sector. Negative shocks continued for the next few years, as witness the September 11 attack (2001) and the subsequent invasion of Iraq (2003). The Egyptian government reacted to the initial shocks by expansionary fiscal policies (clearing of arrears as a stimulus to the private sector, as well as an increase in public investment in "mega" projects), which resulted in a worsening fiscal stance. Budget deficits increased from 0.9% of

Murras Is a Significant Work of Literature Essay Example for Free

Murras Is a Significant Work of Literature Essay â€Å"Why is a play a significant work of literature? It is because the play presents enduring themes and ideas that continue to engage audiences.† The play Murra’s by Eva Johnson takes place between the late sixties and mid-seventies and focuses on one family and their struggle to come to grips with white Australia as they move from a fringe dwelling to life in the city This play was set at the time of the stolen-generation, which was when Indigenous Australian children were taken away from their families by British settlers and were forced to forget what little of their Aboriginal identity they knew, and live like â€Å"white people†. The ancestors of those people who were subject to the stolen generation still exist today that is why the ideas and themes that are conveyed in the play about the stolen generation continue to engage an audience particularly in Australia because the discrimination they experienced is still going on today and it might not ever go away. Throughout the play there are a number of themes and techniques showing and emphasising the treatment of Aboriginal people, how they lived, their thoughts and their opinions. The first theme displayed in the play is Gender. Gender is a social idea that creates roles and expectations based on people being either male or female. An example of gender is shown through the technique of characterisation. A significant character by the name of Wilba is characterised by the writer through dialogue and stage directions. He is seen as the dominant masculine figure of the family, greatly shown in scene one when he comes home carrying a bucket of water and food. The effect of the way Wilba is characterised emphasises the gender stereotypes that are very constant throughout the play. Another technique showing gender is costume. The women in Murra’s wear traditionally feminine clothing. For example mother Ruby comes home with a bag of dresses for her sixteen year old daughter Jayda to wear, as this is typical female attire. The expectations of the female gender are maintained through costume because what the women wear is stereotypical. Gender at the time was a significant issue, particularly within Aboriginal culture. Identity is a strong concept to most Indigenous Australians. It is a significant issue or theme in the play Murra’s. Identity is part of a link to culture. Due to government control at the time, Aboriginal identity was severely affected, illustrated by the families struggle to maintain it. Characterisation is used to show identity by the way Granny is characterised through her strong beliefs, shown in act one when she says; â€Å"Wudjella woman got different way to Gudjeri woman. They don’t have woman’s dreaming, special dance†. The effect of this is Granny is shown as a representation of the strong Aboriginal identity that the family cling to. Granny’s dying scene is another example of identity; this is shown through the technique of sound and lighting. â€Å"This is done to the music of the Didjeridu and Clapping sticks. At the end of the dance the lights slowly fade until the stage is totally black.† This symbolises her return to the earth and the traditional preparation of her body to return to the spiritual world of her dreaming. Granny’s death results in the metaphorical death of Aboriginal identity. Power is the ability to influence the behaviour of people and is a theme that is central to the play Murra’s. The characters within the play are very much affected by the power and authority that controls them, which essentially dictates the role of gender and identity of each character. One of the techniques used to show power in the play is setting. An example is â€Å"The year is 1970. The family have moved to the city.† This example shows that the government had the power to move them from the county where they were living to the city. Dialogue is another technique used to show power. An example is when Wilba says â€Å"I’m sick to the gut of their false promises of self-determination. Sick of their shit lies, their corrupt laws, their diseases and their gaols†¦ Yeah their chains, their chains.† The effect of dialogue within the play emphasises their strong opinions regarding the constant power struggle they are forced to deal with due to government control. The play Murra’s is a significant work of literature because the themes, gender, identity and power, to this day engage audiences as the issues displayed have still not been rectified and are highly controversial topics. The themes displayed are always present in society and are something that may never go away

Williams Syndrome A Genetic Disorder Psychology Essay

Williams Syndrome A Genetic Disorder Psychology Essay Williams Syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by a deletion of genes on chromosome seven. It is a rare disorder, occurring in about every 1 in 20,000 births and affects males and females equally. Small upturned nose, wide mouth, full lips, small wide-spaced teeth, a relatively low IQ, cardiovascular disease and an irregular cognitive profile are some classifications of Williams Syndrome. (Laing, Butterworth, Ansari, Gsodl, Longhi, Panagiotaki, et al., 2002). Many of the physical features of Williams Syndrome are due to the deletion of the gene elastin on chromosome seven. There are some aspects of language that appear to be intact for those with Williams Syndrome including social interaction, however, spatial language, number, planning and problem solving appear to be impaired in most individuals (Laing et al., 2002). Not all features of language are affected in children and adults with Williams Syndrome. Williams Syndrome has a characteristic language delay and there is evidence to suggest that language development follows an alternate pathway than what is seen in language development of a typical child (Laing et al., 2002). Laing et al. performed three experiments in order to assess joint attention, pointing and precision grips. The same children were used over the course of all three experiments and mental age of typically developing children was calculated to match those in the Williams Syndrome group. In the first experiment it was found that the children with Williams Syndrome performed atypically on tasks set to deduce the level of joint attention these children were providing. The second experiment administered was used to establish credibility findings of the first experiment. The researchers are observing if the children with Williams Syndrome can establish reference and therefore test t heir ability to point in response to specific stimuli. Laing et al. found that children with Williams Syndrome produced few pointing behaviors. The third experiment determined if the reason for the difference in pointing between the control group and the Williams Syndrome group was due to impaired motor skills. This was found to not be an issue as the children with Williams Syndrome and those in the control group were relatively similar in their motor skills. These issues in joint attention are thought to be part of the reason there is a language delay among children with Williams Syndrome as joint attention and pointing are both critical in language development (Laing et al., 2002). A study performed by Mervis and John (2008) was designed to tests strengths and weaknesses of children with Williams Syndrome with their vocabulary abilities. Mervis and John performed three experiments in order to determine the specific strengths and weaknesses in abilities of Williams Syndrome children in relation to vocabulary. The first experiment used the following standardized tests; the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (vocabulary and matrices) the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-third edition (concrete vocabulary, including object names, action words, and descriptors) and the Test of Relational Concepts (conceptual/relational language). The first experiment compared typically developing children against Williams Syndrome children in two assessments of vocabulary: concrete vocabulary and conceptual/relational vocabulary. Mervis and John found that the Williams Syndrome group performed better on concrete vocabulary than conceptual/relational vocabulary. Even though the scores fo r children on concrete vocabulary were high for children with Williams Syndrome, performance on these tests showed signs that even this area of language is not completely undamaged. The second experiment took the results of the first three standardized tests and included the Differential Ability Scales Pattern Construction subtest. Mervis and John examined the relation between conceptual/relational language comparative of visuospatial construction. The children with Williams syndrome performed better on tests related to conceptual/relational language as compared to scores on the visuospatial construction tasks. Mervis and John (2008) note that Williams Syndrome is distinguished by strengths and weaknesses within the vocabulary element of language. The third experiment used the formulated sentences subtest on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-fourth edition (CELF-4), in order to evaluate a variety of relational concepts. This experiment measured the knowledge of some m ore evolved relational concepts using the CELF-4. It was concluded that not all, but most children with Williams Syndrome have difficulty in simple relational words and it encompasses both relational terms meant to link two words or short phrase and also to relational terms meant to connect simple sentences into one complex sentence (Mervis and John, 2008). Mervis and John determined that children with Williams Syndrome do seem to have strength in vocabulary in general but rather concrete vocabulary. Laing and Jarrold (2007) sought to determine the spatial language skills of children with Williams Syndrome as compared to typically developing children. While noting that some aspects of language are usually intact for children with Williams Syndrome, spatial skills and non-verbal skills are usually the most impaired. In this experiment, the sample included 17 children with Williams Syndrome and 17 children that were classified as typically developing. There were several tests administered: Picture matching tasks, semantic picture matching, Spatial picture matching, grammatical knowledge task, perception task, naming task, and animal knowledge task. The test was given on a computer that displayed 4 pictures at the same time. There was a target sentence presented for each trial, which appeared on the screen and changed depending on the task. Results found that the Williams Syndrome group and the typically developing group performed with no significant differences on any measure excep t perception scores. There was also found to be a significant difference between the groups on the spatial picture-matching task. Due to the problems with understanding the semantics of spatial skills, it was hypothesized that this lends to problems in language processing in general (Laing Jarrold, 2007). For those with Williams Syndrome, there may be a great effort to form appropriate spatial mental models that may form the foundation for the production and comprehension of verbal descriptions of space (Laing Jarrold, 2007). Research performed by Laws and Bishop (2004) studied social communication, which is normally thought of as a relative strength for the Williams Syndrome population. Laws and Bishop performed a study on the different pragmatic facets of language. Groups of 19 children with Williams Syndrome, 24 with Downs Syndrome, 17 with specific language impairment and 32 typically developing children were studied. The Childrens Communication Checklist (CCC) was used in order to obtain data on social interaction for these four groups. On the checklist, there are two subscales that describe speech production: speech output and syntax. There are five subscales that describe the childs communication behaviors: inappropriate initiation, coherence, stereotyped conversation, use of conversational context conversational rapport. Two more subscales assess aspects of development: social relationships and interests. The raters were asked to respond to these items and rate them on a scale of four possibilitie s: does not apply, applies somewhat, definitely applies and unable to judge (Laws Bishop). When analyzed, experimenters found that individuals with Williams Syndrome had pragmatic impairments. The areas that were found to be the most impacted were the inappropriate initiation of conversation and the use of stereotyped conversation (Laws Bishop, 2004). The children do however have very strong expressive language skills and tend to be very social individuals (Laws Bishop, 2004). Since Williams Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder occurring in every 1 in 20,000 live births more information is needed regarding their communicative abilities. There is evidence to suggest that their language delay is due information traveling through a different pathway than with typically developing children. Spatial language is also a problem that with intervention can be improved along with conceptual and relational vocabulary. Pragmatic language is an issue, however the Williams Syndrome population tends to be overly friendly and very strong expressively. It was found that as these issues seem to dissipate in adulthood as well as the Williams Syndrome population, depending on the severity level, these children can live independently or with support.

GSK3 Beta :: essays research papers

SECTION I Scientific Rationale for Selection of the Target A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characterization of Target Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of glucose and glucagon in the blood of diabetic patients. The most frequently cited reason for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is either a lack of insulin secretion (DM Type I) and/or, more commonly, the resistance to insulin in the peripheral tissues, particularly muscle and adipose tissue (DM type II). Hence, insulin has long been a target for the treatment of DM. In DM Type I, intravenous or subcutaneous insulin injection has often been the norm. Iatrogenic insulin administration, insulino-mimetics, or insulin-secretagogues have been the major modalities of treatment for DM type II; however, these treatments do not address the resistance in peripheral tissues to insulin. Essentially, these methods offer a â€Å"brute-force† method of treating hyperglycemia, by increasing levels of a decreasingly effective hormone (Champ). Under normal physiological conditions, insulin binds to the insulin receptor and becomes phosphorylated as a result. The phosphorylated insulin receptor binds to and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to various downstream signaling proteins. Phosphatidylinositol 3`-kinase (PI3-kinase), a downstream effector of IRS, is critical for the metabolic action of insulin - glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis (FIGRURE 1) (Virkamaki). It has been discovered that protein kinase B (PKB), a downstream target of PI3-kinase directly phosphorylates and, as a result, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 is a kinase, present in two nearly identical isoforms (GSK 3a and GSK 3b), which are constitutively active in resting cells of various tissues. When active, GSK-3 phosphorylates and inhibits, glycogen synthase, effectively blocking the synthesis of glycogen and favoring the presence of glucose monomers in the blood. GSK-3 also phosphor ylates and inhibits IRS-1, the presence of which is associated with insulin resistance (Eldar). Furthermore, GSK-3, which is responsible for blocking the synthesis of glycogen, is inhibited by insulin and therefore, effectively acts as a GSK-3 inhibitor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During peripheral resistance of insulin, as seen in DM type II patients, GSK-3 is no longer through binding of insulin to its receptor. Purportedly, GSK-3 limits insulin action via serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and it also inhibits glycogen synthase by the same mechanism. Hence by inhibiting IRS-1, PI3K is no longer activated to inhibit GSK-3. Essentially, GSK-3 triggers a negative feedback mechanism that results in its own disinhibition. (FIGURE 2) Novel methods in the treatment of DM type II, involves targeting the signaling pathway of insulin rather than increasing insulin concentrations in a patient.

Healthcare Reform Essay -- The Patient Protection and Affordable Care

The healthcare climate in the United States was grim. Per capita spending was amongst the highest in the world, and while more than four out of every five Americans had health insurance of some kind, spending on healthcare continued to increase and services continued to decline. Insurance companies had the ability to deny coverage when people became ill, and they limited their responsibility towards those who were insured by enforcing both annual and lifetime limits. Those who had pre-existing conditions had great difficulty getting insurance. Profit margins for insurance companies became steeper, but the health of Americans suffered. The number of individuals who were uninsured or underinsured due to the expense of insurance was rising, and debt due to medical bills was mounting and crippling the American people. Approximately 20% of all bankruptcies were linked to medical costs, and hospitals spent well over $1 billion dollars annually on uninsured patients and uncompensated bills. (Stephens and Ludlow 98, 101) The costs of this healthcare crisis went beyond the mere monetary. Those without health insurance were less likely to have regular physical exams and preventative care. An illness allowed to progress may become not only more expensive but also more difficult to treat. (Stephens and Ludlow 100, 101) Society bore the burden of inadequate healthcare as well, as the uninsured spent more time out of work with lengthier illnesses or injuries they may not have been able to afford to treat. Business productivity had the potential to decrease, and the nation as a whole can be affected. In March of 2010, President Barack Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, stating, "The United States Congress finally... ... Bill Philips, and Terry L. Schmidt. "The Intended and Unintended Consequences of Healthcare Reform." Healthcare Financial Management 64.10 (2010): 50-55. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Feb. 2014. Holguin, Jaime. "America The Unhealthy - CBS News." Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News - CBS News. CBS News, 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 01 Mar. 2014. . "Physical Activity Fundamental To Preventing Disease." Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, HHS. US Department of Health and Human Services, 20 June 2012. Web. 06 Mar. 2014. . Stephens, James H., and Gerald R. Ledlow. "Real Healthcare Reform: Focus on Primary Care Access." Hospital Topics 88.4 (2010): 98-106. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Feb. 2014.

How to refine Tai Lin Radio Service Ltd to the market leader position in the electrical appliances retail industry :: Strategic Business Management Strategy

1.0 Executive Summary Electrical appliances are an indispensable part of our daily. Hong Kong's electrical appliances retail trades vigorous development in recent years, because present is age of technical and information, many technical products arose at this historic moment. They are providing a wide array of quality and fashionable digital products, including consumer electronics, computers and communication items, enabling trend-seeking customers to enjoy a vibrant digital lifestyle. In the electrical appliance stores, the product type are more and more on selling, as the same time, the electrical appliance outlet or specialty shop are rapid increase. Which making tomorrow’s dream of smart living today’s reality for people in Hong Kong. Recently, electrical appliances store mostly with chain management, also have the magnificent decoration and be stationed in Hong Kong or Kowloon each famous plaza or shopping mall. These forces the electrical appliances retail trade arrive to a period which â€Å"The powerhouse retains, the weak one eliminates† .Many old shops replaced by new competitor or reformed because they are lack of reform. This report based on the Tai Lin Radio Service Ltd present condition, though the multiple analyses and the suggestion, hope this marketing plan creates a long-term growth model for their retail success. 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Company background and highlighting Tai Lin Radio Service Limited had it's beginnings in 1946, being one of the earliest electrics appliance store in Hong Kong. By serving the communities for sixty years, Tai Lin has established trust and esteem with customers. Retailing and repairing radios were the core early stage business of Tai Lin, by growing of the business, product range expanded broadly to televisions and electronic appliances. In 1975, Tai Lin even introduced the first stereo Hi-Fi to Hong Kong. In order to cope with the rapid growing populations in the 60's, Tai Lin broadly expanded their business by opening shop outlets in different areas of Hong Kong and varies shopping arcades. Tai Lin Radio Service Limited was officially trademarked in 1976 and as their name implied "Service Orientated" as the company's focal point. For the generations to come, Tai Lin would carry on their aim serving the communities with the latest electrics and the greatest sincere. Year 2006, Tai Lin is going to celebrate their 60th anniversary. By renovating their branches, rearranging the products mixture and opening more shop outlets in the near future, Tai Lin is going to present a completely revitalized new appearance. Nowadays, Tai Lin Radio Service Ltd has 10 branch stores in 8 locations - Tsuan Wan, Yuen long, Sha Tin, Mong Kok, Jordan, Kwun Tong, Causeway Bay and Central.

Participant Observation

Participant Observation Sports are important social mediums in our country, but basketball is the only sport where you can go to almost any park and play with complete strangers. While other sports involve diverse equipment and numerous amounts of players, basketball is a quick and easy game that only takes a court and a ball. While using the participant observation method, one can easily see how pickup basketball becomes a common stage for social interaction.While my original perspective of the sport was that of a friendly natured game among neighbors with a competitive aspect, my notes and observations revealed how diverse individuals who meet on the court can sometimes become aggressive to the point of hostility. As a gym member of 24 Hour Fitness, I regularly play basketball in their indoor gym. I chose the location in Hermosa Beach because of the diversity of players that attend there. Using the participant observation method, I was both observing and participating while taking notes (obviously not while playing, for that would be an incredible feat).In a time span of two hours, I ended up playing three games while observing six other games. The location I visited was crowded, while ten players were on the court (five against five), about twenty people were waiting on the sidelines throughout the night; however, this number changed as people grew either tired or impatient. On the sidelines was a list of names for people who wanted to play next. This called for a more organized system of who had next compared to parks where people keep track of who verbally called next.I found that about half of the players at the gym were African-American, while the rest of the players were mixed evenly between Caucasian, Asian, and Hispanic. Certain players, based on body shape and skill level, were given different roles throughout the game. The ages of the players seemed to be mostly late twenties to early thirties, and at no point throughout my two hours being there did a woman enter the gym. Just as the demographics of the players were diverse, so was the gameplay.Some games were dominated by one key player, who scores most of the points, while other teams had strong team chemistry and relied on passing to the open player. I also noticed that when a team is dominated by one player that team usually ends up losing. The team that I played on was very pass oriented, while the team we played against was dominated by only two players. The other team assumed that since their other players were short and small, that they weren’t athletic enough to receive the ball, and because of this our team was able to double team the players who didn’t pass as much.Players match up to other players based on skill and body size, which is why I was guarded by someone very similar to me. I noticed that the biggest factor was height, meaning our tallest player guarded their tallest player while our shortest player guarded their shortest player. However, du ring almost every game players make switches according to skill level in order to have a more sufficient defense. Another important aspect of the game of pickup basketball is respect. When players call foul, even if they disagree with the call, the allow them to get the ball back.During game two, a person called foul but the player on the other team disagreed. As they began to argue about whether it was a foul or not, a teammate yelled out â€Å"respect the call†. After that he stopped arguing and gave him the ball. After I played, during the sixth game, a similar situation occurred in a more dramatic way. One player jumped and caught the ball, but flipped over another player, and landed straight on his back. After everyone saw he got up and was ok, the player through the ball â€Å"up top†, so they could check the ball out and play again.A player on the opposite team began to argue saying that he shouldn’t get the ball because his own player fouled him. After m uch hostile and loud arguing, I heard the injured player say, â€Å"if you really are that thirsty for the ball you can have it, if you really are that desperate for a win†. Everybody on the court agreed that the players allegation was a little too strict for a simple game of pickup basketball, and extreme competitiveness is frowned upon. Throughout the rest of the game the team did not pass it to him once, and before the game ended he quit.He became the focus of discussion for the rest of the night, as people began to criticize him behind his back. From my own personal experience, heated arguments over calls are not that uncommon in the sport of basketball, but usually from those with strong outgoing personalities. For the most part, the game is a civilized game where both teams compete for the win, and focus on teamwork and strategy. At the end of the day I found my perspective on this game had changed. The competitive nature of the game brought up the question: How importa nt is it to win? I observed that to some people the ules of basketball should be enforced strictly, so that the game is fair. However, the general consensus was that respecting other players safety and calls were more important. Nevertheless, I noticed that almost every game had some sort of argument that entailed. I concluded that there is a certain culture on the court that calls for a fair game and places winning as a priority. The sharp contrast to the other players who were only there for the fun and love of the game brings up questions on whether social or even economic backgrounds are what causes people to become so passionate about a seemingly frivolous game.

The American Health Information Management Association

The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) is an association of Health Information Management professionals whose mission is to be â€Å"the professional community that improves healthcare by advancing best practices and standards for health information management and the trusted sourced for education, research and professional credentialing† (http://www.ahima.org/about/mission.asp).The association provides its members educational training and certifications to better equip them for their roles as Health Information Management (HIM) professionals who occupy a number of roles from implementing electronic health records, clinical coding systems, and improving the quality of information (http://www.ahima.org/about/history.asp, http://www.ahima.org/membership/MemberEmployerFlyer.pdf).HIM professionals would find membership in this association an investment because it provides their members opportunities for continuing education keeping them at par with the late st developments of the health information management industry.The association also trains their members to endow upon them the skills crucial in the members’ development such as leadership and professional synergy (http://www.ahima.org/membership/ MemberEmployerFlyer.pdf).The information on this website, especially the opportunities for continuing education would greatly help me in my career as a health information manager.The knowledge I would be able to gain from the training and resource materials accessible only to members would make me a formidable candidate when I apply in a corporation.   Also, the certifications that I complete through them would open other career opportunities for me which would not have otherwise been available.

The Little Rock Nine

The movie â€Å"The Little Rock Nine† is based on an event that happened in the 1950’s. The movie is based on the first time that a school allowed black students into an all white school. This event happened in Little Rock, Arkansas when a school allowed nine black teenagers into their school. In this essay you will read about the respect that the black students got at the beginning of the movie and the respect they got at the end, how society has changed today, how this relates to the Hebrews experience, how this relates to moral values, and my personal experience on this theme. In the movie the nine black students got no respected at all. The students were treated the same as every other black person at this point in time. The black students took abuse and bullying that no other person would be able to take. They got pushed, threatened, excluded from events and even spit on. This was the respect they got when they first came to the school. The guards stationed around the school didn't even do much at times. They were afraid at times, because if they tried to retaliate they knew things would only get worse. Even people outside the school tried to get the students out of the school. There were rallies and marches, mostly led by parents, to get rid of the nine black students. Then things got even worse when bomb threats started coming in. Finally on of the students named Minnijean Brown started to fight back. Minnijean Brown was the first of the students to be targeted to recieve the most abuse. It started one day when she was just heading to class and a group of girls blocked the door to her next class. She asked them politly to move and when they didn't she tried to move in between them, but she got pushed out of the way. That was the start of the incidents. Eventually Minnijean was expelled for dumping a bowl of chili on students head that was blocking her way and refused to move. Minnijean was upset by this because the white people of the community got exactly what they wanted. The next target was Ernest Green. Ernest was targeted next because he was a senior and, if he made it, would be the first black student to graduate from Central High School. The white students and parents did everything they could to prevent him from graduating. One female student even tried to get him to like her so she could say he â€Å"harassed† her,but Ernest graduated 1958. These two students are probably the most recognized two of the Little Rock Nine becausse of what happened to them. Society has changed alot since 1958 in many ways. The Central High School in Little Rock is now 50% black students. The story of the Little Rock Nine relates to the Hebrews when they are in Egypt because they are being treated just like the nine black students. They were forced into labor every day and were beaten and spat on as well. This relates to moral values because everybody should be treated equal. Alot of people back then were Catholic, but they treated people diffrently, when everyone was actually the same. This relates to my personal experience because me and a friend of mine went through a little bit of this last year. It wasn't as bad as the Little Rock Nine, but it hurt. My friend and I were excluded from games some games in P. E. , we took alot of hateful phrases, and other things. Then around graduation they stopped and things went back to normal. The Little Rock Nine is a good example of what black peolpe had to go through in that point in time. I think the Little Rock Nine was and still is a great example of how racism can destroys people and their self esteem. And It also shows how brave some people were during the Civil Rights Movement. I also think it is very important that three of the Little Rock Nine graduated from Central High School which I think this is a great accomplishment. It also proves that blacks were able to do the same school work as whites.

Design of Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna

Design of Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPSK-PCS Operation Ho-yong Kim', Yong-nn Lee, Chung-ho Won, Hong-min Lcc Department of Electronics [email  protected] Univerrily hi-Dong, Yeongtong-Cu, Suwon-Si, Kyonggi-do, Korea email: [email  protected] com lnlraduetion In recent years, with the advance o f technology, the demand for an antenna operating a1 mutibands i s increasing rapidly. Such as GPS and K-PCS, The multi-hand antennas with one feeding pon use the multiple resonance technolagy[l] such antennal are difficult lo provide a good polarization efficiency for GPS signal reception. So the integrated GPSIK-PCS dual-band antenna using two feeding pan has been proposed in this paper. Referenced dual-band antenna using two feeding pon has matched poiariration of integrated system. [2] but it has large size. Proposed antenna uses miniafurizalion technique that is to insect ilits. This technique is to increase elecVlcal surface length by slits. [3-5] Operating frequency o f proposed Bntenna is greatly lowered by slit^. Meander line patch and square ring patch with four diu o f proposed antenna are about 70% and 50% ofreferenced antenna size. The proposed antenna composed of a low-profile cylindrical monopole with a top-loaded meander line patch for K-PCS Operation, and a comer-truncated square-ring microstrip patch antenna with four-slits for GPS ooeration. Pmposed Antenna Design The geometry and design parameter of the proposed antenna for compact GPSIK-PCS operation i s presented in Figure I. The proposed antenna has the common ground plane, but i s fed by separate feeding pon. The antenns for GPS-hand i s realized by using a corner-truncated square-ring microstrip patch with four slits. The outer side length and inner ride length are40mm(L,)and IZmm(&) ~ ~ p % t i d printed on a rubrtrale o f thickness 1. 6mm(h) and y, relative peminiviry (e, :4. 4). The middle ofthe substrate is removed for inner rectangular d i t area ( b x b ) of patch. Feed position for right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) wave operation is placed along x-axis. and the distance of the probe feed away fram the patch center i s denoted as 6 . 6 m m ( / ) . The four-rlitr at the comers are of equal length I3. 5mm(S)and width Imm(w). Fig 2(a) shows simulated reNm loss of the proposed anlenna for GPS receiving antenna with various d i t lengths(S). It i s noted that the reSonant frequency rapidly lowered with increasingdesign parameter(S). In f h i ~ way, the excited surface current paths are lengthened in the propo~ed designs, and the operating frequency is greatly lowered. 0-7803-8302-8/04/$20. 00 IEEE 3529 02004 Also, the shorted meander line patch antenna with low-profile cylindrical monopole top is loaded at the center of square ring patch for K-PCS operation. For brbadband characteristic, cylindrical monopole has a large diameter of 6. 2mm(d,) and l e n ~ h 10. 7mm(h2). The eander line patch has a ride lengh Z l m m ( p ) and is connected to the common ground by two same shorting posh, which have a diameter of 2. 2mm(d2). By varying ofthe shorting ports diameter(d2), good impedance matching can easily be obtained. Figure 2(b) shows simulated retum loss for the p r a p ~ ~ e d K-PCS antenna with various slit lengthr(m,) of meander line patch. Meander line patch size can be reduced by increasing inserted slit length. Becaus e of the antenna for K-PCS operation interfere the axial mtio of GPS receiving antenna, the miniatufimion of GPS antenna is limited. According to the experiment, the patch size of GPS antenna for circular polarized operation must he over about twice the size of KPCS antenna with meander line suunurc. In the proposed designs, the bandwidth of3-dB axial mtio is about 13 MHz, which is much larger than that required for GPS operation at 1575 MHz. The measured axial ratio ofthe antenna for GPS operation i s presented in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows measured re† 101 of proposed antenna. The impedance bandwidths (. lOdB retum larr) are about lZOMH~(1744MHr-1864MH~)far K-PCS band and 60MHr (IS46MHr-1606MHz) for GPS-band. The isolation between the two feeding pons of the PCS and GPS elemenls is less than -17dB. Measured radiation panems of the proposed antenna at l8OOMHz and ISROMHz are presented in Figure 5 and 6, respectively. The K-PCS antenna radiation panem at IROOMHz shows a monopole radiation panem, 10 this fype of antenna is suitable for applications on a vehicular communication system. For the GPS anfenna at ISROMHz, good broadside band radiation panem is obtained. Far K-PCS operation the measured pea* antenna gains is about 2. 4dBi and t h c gain variations are within O. JdBi, for GPS operation the measured peak antenna gains is about 7. dBi and the vanations of gain does not exist. Conclusion Proposed antenna has a integrated slmcturc of microitrip patch antenna with two feeds for dual-band oprmtion(GPSiK-PCS). A low-profile cylindrical monopole with a shorted meander line patch i s loaded for K-PCS operation, which rhowr a linearly polarized monopole patkm with broadband characterirlic. Th e radiating clement for GPS operation is a novel square-ring microstip path with truncated comers with four slits, which provide circularly polarized braadrids radiation panemr. size reduction of proposed antenna is achieved by using slits. Meander line patch and square ring patch with four . lib of proposed antenna are about 70% and SO% of referenced antenna sire. As the proposed antenna has a compact size for dual band operation, it will be suitable for practical vehicular mobile communication antenna applications. R&E†Ce [I] R. Kronberger, H. Lindenmcier, L. Reiter, J. Hapf, † Multi hand planar Invencd-F C r a Antenna for Mobile Phone andGPS,†2714p-Z717p,AP confer. 1999 3530 [2] I. Y. Wu and K. L. Wong, â€Å"Two inlegraled stacked shorted patchantennas for DCSiGPS operations,† Micra wave Opt. Techno1 . Len. , Vol. 30. July, 2001. I31 S. Reed, L. Desclar, C. Terref, and S. Toutain, â€Å"Patch Antenna Size Reduction By Means Oflnductive Slots,† Micro wave Opt. Teehnol. Len. ,Vol29. Apri, 2001. 1 [41 J. Y. Wu and K. L. Wong, â€Å"Single-feed Square-ring Microstip Antenna wilh lruncated comers for Compact ~ircularpolarization Operation,† Electronics lea. , Vol. 34, May,1998. [ 5 ] W. S. Chen, C. K. Wu, and K. L. wong. I' Novel Compact Circularly polarized Square Microstrip Antennq† IEEE Trans. ,Antennas Propagat. , Vol. 49, March, 2001, L, = 40mm, L, = 12mm, S = 13. 5mm, t = 5. 74mm. IY = I n † f = 6. 6†³. p = Zlmnr, m, =ZOmm, ml =3. mm, d) = 6. 2mm, d* = 2. 2†³. d, =9. 3mm h, = 1. 6mm. h2 =10. 7mm Fib. 1. Geomelly and dimiiiimi ofthe pmpanrd a n t m i l for CPSIK-PCS operation. (a) The variation against parameter S (b) The variation againsl parmnster m, Fig. 2. Simulated return loss wilh v~riour ImgthsiS) nnd vsriour slit lengthsim,). slit 3531 I E 4 , d B ! -2 1. 560 1. 565 1. 570 1. 575 1. 580 .† -15 FrequanollGHz , I . 1. 5 2. 0 ~r4†³enwffi~ 2. 5 Fig. 3. The measured arid ratio. Fig 1 Measured r t b m loss of antenna. . (a) x-2 plane @) x-Y plane Fig 6. Measured radiation panem for GPS operation; f=1580MHz 3532

Making Connections Between Three Authors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Making Connections Between Three Authors - Essay Example of new players, on a new playing field, developing new processes for horizontal collaboration—that I believe is the most important force shaping global politics and economics in the early 21st century (Friedman, 7).† Friedman also warns that Americans need to keep up, or get out of the game. â€Å"There is no sugar coating on this: in a flat world, every individual is going to have to run a little faster if he or she wants to advance his or her standard of living (Friedman, 10).† Still, some low-income groups of Americans are at a disadvantage and succumb to the â€Å"roundness† of the bygone American world. Though countries like China and India are exploding ahead politically and technologically, African Americans and people of color in the United States have little opportunity to do the same. According to Barbara Ehrenreich’s article â€Å"Maid to Order† and William Julius Wilson’s book When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor, the world is definitively not flat, but limited to the socio-economic imprisonment of the lower urban class. Both Barbara Ehrenreich’s article â€Å"Maid to Order† and William Julius Wilson’s book When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor show a rethinking of the mostly-optimistic approach Friedman has towards the â€Å"flat,† expansionist and technologically forward view of the world. â€Å"Maid to Order† discusses the trials and tribulations of being a maid, and the sorry, anti-feminist history behind the booming industry of domestic work. â€Å"In a society in which 40 percent of the wealth is owned by 1 percent of the households while the bottom 20 percent reports negative assets, the degradation of others is readily purchased (Ehrenreich, 1).† This degradation comes in the form of racism, sexism and classism that has been an American mainstay since the turn of the century. â€Å"So the insight that distinguished the more radical, post-Friedan cohort of feminist was that when we talk about

International management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International management - Essay Example Equally, in polychronic societies, individuals tend to tackle numerous tasks simultaneously and to highlight the amount of finished activities and the number of individuals implicated, rather than the devotion to time programme. Being on time is of little significance in polychronic systems than in Monochronic systems3. High-context cultures refer to connected, Marxist, instinctive, and thoughtful systems.   This implies that individuals in these backgrounds highlight interpersonal relations4.   Creating trust is a significant initial stage to any company contract.   Examples include Middle East, Asian states, Africa5.   Low-context cultures are describes as rational, linear, personal, and action-based.   Populace from low-context systems treasure sense, truth, and openness6. Choices depend on truth rather than insight.   To be completely apparent, they struggle to employ accurate statements and aim them to be understood literally.  This is extremely diverse from speakers in high-context systems that rely less on speech exactness and lawful documents. Examples include USA and Western Europe. Attribution refers to the procedure by which grounds or motives are given to describe other individuals’ character7. Dispositional attributions propose that some individuality trait or logical quality exceptional to the individual is responsible for the personality. Situational attributions propose that the outside condition or culture in which the marked individual exists was liable for the personality8. Consistency signals mirror how constantly an individual engages in various manners over time. We tend to see habit that an individual does frequently as suggestive of his or her factual purpose Consensus cues mirror how an individual’s behaviour contrasts to that of others9. Universally, activities which diverge from social anticipations give us with more facts concerning the actors intentions than conforming manners do. In exchanging

The number one phobia on earth is fear of public speaking Research Paper

The number one phobia on earth is fear of public speaking - Research Paper Example The reason public speaking is the world’s number one phobia is that it gravely affects the social and private life of an individual and can even destroy his personality (Varrel Smith. Phobia). The phobia of public speaking is categorized in social phobia therefore the preliminary impact of this phobia is on the individual’s social life. Being a social phobia, it is a fear that arises with people and social gatherings. The phobia of pubic speaking refers the fear of speaking or expressing when in a gathering of people. The phobic person may be able to talk and express when there are a few well acquainted people around him and a normal communications is in progress. The fear automatically arises when he has to address a few people, maybe even more than just two. The person suffering from phobia of public speaking feels that someone is pulling him down, or others will not accept what he says. He knows what to say and how to express but his voice is lost somewhere in the dark. Sometimes this may also happen that he curses himself later that he should of have spoken or expressed. This fear gradually develops deep inside him and becomes a phobia called the phobia of publ ic speaking (John R. Marshall. Social Phobia: From Shyness to Stage Fright). The phobia of public speaking is not something that sprouts overnight. There have been discovered many causes that lead the victim towards the higher phases of this problem. One of the major causes of phobia is fear of embarrassment in the public. This major cause contributes primarily towards making the phobia of public speaking the number one phobia in the world because the roots lie in the childhood and parenting. It is usual for many parents that a child is snubbed in front of some other people, teachers, siblings or relatives for any mischief or folly. This develops a fear of public activity in the

Effective Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Effective Advertising - Essay Example   Ã‚  Ã‚   Although marketers and creative directors may be thoroughly familiar with the rational approach and may have learned much about mnemonics and long-term memory, many are still in the dark regarding the unconscious side and motivation. What is presented here is the integration of all three aspects of advertising, leading to a totally integrated three-dimensional approach to advertising and marketing.   Ã‚  Ã‚   It is imperative to examine three-dimensional advertising and marketing in detail, especially with reference to the second dimension: motivation.    The First Dimension of Advertising and Marketing: Logic, Rationalizations, and Justifications   Ã‚   Logic and rationalization are the first dimension of advertising and the one that is the most familiar. They also are the most exploited dimension in advertising. That is because most marketing approaches are based upon traditional market research, and traditional market research asks people logical questions. Henc e, consumers respond accordingly: with logic and the left side of their brain. Since humans want to appear logical and rational, they give logical and rational answers. They respond not only to other people, but also to themselves. These are rationalizations. They may be true or untrue. They are what the consumer wants to believe, and they are what the consumer wants others to believe. Rationalizations are the most common form of advertising. They work either on the front end or as reinforcers, after the decision has been made. Rationalizations influence the emotions.... Hence, consumers respond accordingly: with logic and the left side of their brain. Since humans want to appear logical and rational, they give logical and rational answers. They respond not only to other people, but also to themselves. Typical of the answers and rationalizations that are given are: "I bought it because I'll never see it at that price again." "When these are all gone, there won't be any more." "These coupons cut the price nearly in half." "I really needed it." "The salesman offered me a deal I couldn't resist." "I bank at First because it's so convenient." "I like the people at the Apple Tree Restaurant; they're friendly and go out of their way to please." "Even though I have a two-hour commute to the city, the taxes are much lower out here." These are rationalizations. They may be true or untrue. They are what the consumer wants to believe, and they are what the consumer wants others to believe. Rationalizations are the most common form of advertising. They work either on the front end or as reinforcers, after the decision has been made. Rationalizations influence the emotions. They are obvious, and they are powerful. They are motivating.The problem is that at some point before the sale is made the consumer has to deal with emotion. Also, rationalizations do not feed into brand loyalty, positioning, unique selling, and marketing propositions. That is why people buy ABC instead of XYZ, and what has to be done to change them. Consumer decisions are based primarily on emotion and not reason. Even so, rationalizations are an important part of the purchasing process.Kowata and Buck ( 1995) illustrate the relationship between rationalizations and emotions (affect) in a cross-cultural study. According to these investigators,

How does the identity of consultants impact their work Essay

How does the identity of consultants impact their work - Essay Example This paper explores identity formation in multiple fields of consultancy work to determine how identity impedes job role or whether elements of identity have the potential to enhance relationships internally or with external clients. The nature of consultancy According to Alvesson & Robertson (2006, p.220), consultancy firms â€Å"are highly people dependent and rely heavily upon safe-guarding loyalty through identification†. The consultancy industry relies on organisational culture and structure that facilitates allegiance and dependability through various social systems that guide control behaviour through management and demand reliability in all aspects of client relationships. In psychological theory, the nature of organisational culture or group membership defines team-based hierarchies as being highly contributory to self-esteem development and the sustainment of affiliation needs in order to achieve the pinnacle of total self-development and productivity (Chow, 2009; Ga mbrel & Cianci, 2003). Affiliation needs are necessary in group-based environments that are people dependent in order to sustain higher self-esteem development and be able to link identity with organisational culture. A study utilizing a sample of 79 representatives from four distinctly different consulting firms identified that the role of consultant requires four key dimensions. These include knowledge work, management and membership, personal orientation and external interface (Alvesson & Empson, 2008). Knowledge work is the active sharing of data between key members of the organisation and promoting knowledge as a regular business practice. Membership ties closely with the psychological principles previously identified as they are related to finding a sense of identity in terms of the organisation and its mission or structure, as well as related to personal orientation, in support of the literature provided by Chow (2009) and Gambrel & Cianci (2003). For the sake of this analysi s, the spotlight will be on external interface which deals with how the organisation or the individual is seen by others in the external environment. Kipping & Armbruster (2002) recognise that consultants have a difficult time legitimizing their profession to the outside world and clients. There is a general misconception about consultancy work that exists in the external community and external marketplace that is build on scepticism of its validity with perceptions that the field is borne less of expertise and knowledge, but more as â€Å"masters of persuasion† (Kitay & Wright, 2007, p.1619). This pervading professional and social attitude regarding consultancy work maintains the potential to have negative impact on the self-confidence development of consultant workers that could have ramifications for their practice activities and general attitude. â€Å"A deficient sense of the self has a profound impact on psychological functioning as well as interpersonal behaviour† (Reasoner, 2009, p.2). Much to the disadvantage of the consultant, the majority of their dealings are with the external environment in the form of client relationships. When consultants are put into the position of having to continuously

Islamic Culture-Comparing the principles of Shoora (Shurah) and Essay

Islamic Culture-Comparing the principles of Shoora (Shurah) and democracy - Essay Example By comparing each of these forms of principles, there is a deeper understanding of the mechanics that are associated with both approaches to the decisions that are made within society as well as what rules and governs those under these orders. The principles of Shurah are defined by governing expectations that begin in the household and move into society. According to these principles, the relationships to family and to kin is the most important to withhold in the culture. Each of the members and kin should hold a relationship according to the principles of Islam, specifically in terms of treating others with respect based on what individuals should receive the most respect as well as how one should be treated. The importance of this is not only based on basic respect and the formation of relationships. If a dispute arises among kin and family, priority is given to those who are expected to have the most respect in the family, specifically which held a sign of righteousness and love toward those that were a part of the Islamic culture and belief. The relationships were not expected to be of Islamic origin and were based on upholding the relationships, despite the actions or reactions from other kin, such as failing to uph old the same relationship. This particular concept tied into neighbors and society to form order and culture through the principles of how each member should be treated (Hashimi, 1997). The principles of Shurah are combined with the understanding of how the approaches to those in the community ultimately affect the decisions taken politically, specifically with the attributes affecting votes and activities within society. The principles are expected to affect the consultation, democracy and decisions which are made by those in society. If the respect and guidance is divided by the amount of respect and worth given to the family and then to kin and the community, then there is the ability to

Medical law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Medical law - Essay Example Debates surrounding the law have been noted to have come from two major perspectives, the first of which is a legal and professional perspective, and the second being humanity and ethical perspective.1 It has been said that the controversies surrounding the laws have always arisen from a perspective where people have looked at the law from a human and ethical perspective rather than from a legal and professional perspective.2 The reason much controversy is said to arise when the law is viewed from humanity and ethical perspective is that it gives way for people to judge the law mainly from how wrong and dehumanising it is to take organs from a dead person, especially when the person did not leave any living proof of consent.3 Meanwhile, there is the legal and professional perspective which also looks at the impact of a refusal to engage in the supply of human organs for transplantation on the living. For example, the right to live has been argued to apply to the living rather than the dead and so it is important that as far as there is a professional medical intervention that can save a living person rather than a dead person, that intervention must be applied4. In this paper, the writer combines both sides of the argument and critically evaluates recent changes to the law, while giving alternative responses that can help increase the supply of human organs for transplantation. The Human Tissue Act 2004 is the current set of laws regulating the supply of human tissue for transplantation in the U.K. The Human Tissue Act 2004 is generally in place to regulate the activities bordering on the removal, storage, use and disposal of human tissue5. The laws were established by the Human Tissue Authority, which currently puts emphasis on consent. By consent, reference is being made to the need for a person, whiles alive to agree that once he or she dies, there can be a supply of part of his or her tissue for issues of medical purposes prescribed under the Act.

Checks And Balances Essay Example for Free

Checks And Balances Essay When the Framers of the Constitution set out to create a government, they made sure that one of the fundamental principles underlining the government would be the separation of powers. This separation of powers outlines the numerous powers and functions of the government by dividing them into separate independent levels and branches of the federal government. The Founders believed that by creating separate branches of government, it would help limit the powers of the national government and prevent tyranny. Therefore, the legislative branch has power, under the Constitution, to make laws. The executive branch, headed by the President, executes or carries out laws. Last but not least, the Constitution established the Supreme Court to head the judicial branch, which interprets and applies the law in federal court cases. Read more: How does federalism prevent tyranny essay The principle of separation of powers, as implemented in drafting the Constitution, was based on several values generally held: the separation of government into three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial; the idea that each branch performs its own unique and identifiable functions that are appropriate to each; and the limitation of the personnel of each branch to that branch, so that no one person or group should be able to serve in more than one branch simultaneously. Since the judicial, executive, and legislative branch of the government all held power, the framers began to develop a system of checks and balances to guarantee that governmental power would not be conducted in an abusive manner. However, the constitution went much further than the mere separation of powers. It also established an elaborate system of checks and balances. The framers believed that in order to steer clear of a monarchy such as the one they had been used to under Britain’s rule, they would have to come up with a system of checks and balances which still prevails to this day. By implementating this system of checks and balances, they would ensure that each branch would prevent the other from abusing their powers. This theory of checks and balances began from the underlying idea of separations of power. Madison and the other Framers considered separation of powers essential in order to avoid a tyranny. The framers came to the conclusions that there was a desperate need for the Constitution to execute a set of checks and balances. Under this system, each branch has the obligation and power to make  decisions on certain issues. However, each branch will still require voluntary support from the other branches if its initiatives are to be successfully implemented. By successfully separating the power that each branch holds, the framers would be able to guarantee a practical balance of power amongst the different branches of government. The operation of checks and balances in the federal government is spelled out in the Constitution. The two houses of Congress legislate separately, and this legislation is subject to presidential veto; however, Congress, by a two-thirds vote of each house, can override a presidential veto. The judicial branch, in determining cases, may declare legislation unconstitutional, but the judiciary itself is subject to executive and legislative checking through the appointment of judges and the passage of legislation governing organization, procedure, and jurisdiction of the courts. There also is a possibility of amendment of the Constitution to reverse judicial determinations. Other constitutional checks are the possible legislative removal of the president and of judges by impeachment as well as approval by the Senate of treaties and major presidential appointments. From this we can conclude that the Framers implemented this system of checks and balances because it was viewed as extremely necessary in maintaining a balance of power among elected officials. It would prevent any one particular group from obtaining a majority influence is essential when having a government that is ruled by the people. Checks and balances and the separation of powers are vital mechanisms to ensure the smooth running of democracy. This complex system is extremely necessary in a democratic system because it promotes equality. Equality is the foundation of a democracy and the purpose of American independence. The goal of American politics is to have a government that is successfully ruled in the interest of the people. To have our countries leaders immune to the same laws that they pass for the citizens contradicts the very democracy that they uphold. Checks and balances function to guarantee that no one body or group of people ever are able to have so much power that they are able to unreasonably influence the legal system or law making of a country. Ensuring that any new law has to go through a system of intense scrutiny, for example, is one way of helping to ensure the long and successful life of democracy. I think something often overlooked in the United States government and the checks and balances  provided for by the founding fathers is the people. The final check and balance is the American public who can vote individuals into or out of political positions. It paves way to democracy because voters are given the power to elect official out of office if they are not doing their job. There are also critics who are against the separation of powers and checks and balances concepts. They pointed out that such arrangements make policy making more cumbersome and time consuming than it needs to be and that in fact it can result easily in a deadlock in which government is unable to take any action at all. Moreover, it is also said to be undemocratic, in that it places barriers to the absolute power of the majority to determine public policy by imposing on majorities the need to bargain with minorities that have managed to gain disproportionate influence on one or another branch or level of the federal system of multiple governmental institutions. For these reasons, political thinkers who see government as the primary instrumentality for the community to successfully combat or adjust to an on-going series of emergencies that have no other possible remedy tend to be very suspicious of such decentralized power arrangements. On the other hand, political thinkers that see society and the economy as largely self-regulating organisms that need relatively little in the way of new policy initiatives from government for their successful functioning tend to take a more favorable view of checks and balances. The press has also been described as the fourth check on power because of its considerable influence over public opinion in which it exercise by widely distributing facts and opinions about the various branches of government. Public opinion in turn affects the outcome of elections, as well as indirectly influencing the branches of government by, for example, expressing public sentiment with respect to pending legislation. An example of the press checking abuses of power was Watergate scandal; where two Washington Post reporters exposed government corruption and cover-up at the highest levels. This exposure caused many individuals to resign, be fired, or prosecuted. The impact of Watergate on American Politics was felt on multiple levels. The most elemental of these was how the news media evolved into the fourth check on the government. From Watergate, politicians understood that the media could be strong enough to bring down a government. Essentially, Woodward and Bernsteins reporting took down a sitting President. Through Watergate, the  office of the President, and all politicians, understood the power of the media. Another impact of Watergate was that it was living proof that no politician could operate for a prolonged period of time above the law. Power could not save President Nixon and his cabinet from facing impeachment, and eventual resignation/ prison terms. The Constitutions belief of equality before the law was affirmed through Watergate. The last impact of Watergate was that politicians understood the value of judicious conduct.

Juliet And Her Romeo Essay Example for Free

Juliet And Her Romeo Essay â€Å"For never was there a story of more woe than this of Juliet and her Romeo†. Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story. Whose tragedy is it? Through the metrical composition of the closing lines of the play, Shakespeare informs the audience on whose tragedy Romeo and Juliet is about. By addressing the last verse of the play to us in pyrrhic pentameter, he is suggesting a victory which has come about at too great a cost. The pace of time amplifies the tragic quality of the play. Time is used to set things in a motion that they spiral out of control. Instead of logical decisions, everything is controlled by emotions, which ultimately leads Romeo and Juliet to their path of death. However, Shakespeare’s deliberate use of pyrrhic pentameter reinforces the sound of a pyrrhic victory. Besides the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, there is something more pervasive suggested, as many characters thereafter also suffer as a consequence of this tragedy, such as the parents and Paris. Essentially, the story is Romeo and Juliet’s tragedy because they are young and pay the ultimate price for their passionate ‘true love’. The chorus tells us that the lovers are necessary sacrifices. Nothing but their death can â€Å"bury their parents’ strife†. Through the words â€Å"here’s much to do with hate, but more with love†, Shakespeare suggests how the world of the play is initially sprouted by hate between two families. So the paradox with Romeo and Juliet is how the one thing that defines them is ultimately the one thing which separates them. Not only are they victims of their families hatred, they are also victim to piteous overthrows and misguided plans which were supposed to unite them. By disregarding patriarchal imperatives and escaping to a world without parents, they place their trust in orders, such as Friar Lawrence and the Nurse. In doing that, they subject themselves to piteous overthrows. Their tragedy is that they have nowhere to turn. In an attempt to come together, the true lovers die; their love was â€Å"death-marked†. They are inexperienced and have the idealistic ardour of first love. Hence, their love is pure. The poetry of the play is written as beautifully and pure as the love it speaks of as this purity enhances the tragedy presented in the play for Romeo and Juliet. It is the parents’ tragedy in this play because of their disobedient children. Romeo and Juliet’s rebellion ultimately leads to them to their own deaths and consequently, the only succession to the Capulet and Montague’s family name is lost. Upon Juliet’s death, Capulet expresses lamentation to this loss of  succession through his words â€Å"death is my heir†. The children’s fatal flaws ultimately pave their parents’ tragedy. The children took little honour in their names and treated it as if it were a piece of clothing which they could just throw away. Juliet questions â€Å"what’s in a name?† and expresses dishonour to the significance of her family name. Juliet’s lack of pride leads her to Romeo, which ultimately leads her to death. Hence, her lack of pride is her fatal flaw. If she had pride in her name, she would not have allowed herself to love Romeo and hence, would not have died. If they did not die, the story would not have been their parent’s tragedy, as they would not have lost their children, or their successor to their family name. Of all the young men who die in the play, Paris is the greatest victim of all, because he dies from being a victim of both love and death. Essentially, Paris was not even part of the two families’ battle. Rather, he was dragged into the whole mess as a result of associations. For the other young men in the story, their tragedy had come about as a result of the ancient grudge however for Paris, he was a victim of love. He dies as a consequence of love in both ways; Romeo’s love for Juliet as well as his own love for Juliet. Paris was a nice guy who happened to get caught in someone else’s love story. As Juliet’s love for Romeo deepens, Paris is increasingly ignored by her. Hence, not only is it a tragic end for Paris in that he dies by the end of the play, but his beloved Juliet also dies and the fact that he never received Juliet’s love or attention since the start adds further depth to his tragedy. Through the use of pyrrhic pentameter, Shakespeare allows us to ‘hear’ as well as understand the pyrrhic victory taken place in the play. The constant battle between family Montague and the family Capulet is the spark which sets off the train for future misfortunes. Romeo and Juliet’s forbidden pure love is definitely a major factor which contributes to the tragedy of both these young lovers. For the parents, their children’s grave death, tragic in itself, also marks the death of their own succession to the family names. For Paris, his tragedy is bought about as a consequence of love. Ultimately, the catastrophic end to Romeo and Juliet is a t ragedy which affects everyone in the play.

Fieldwork Report in Physical Geography

Fieldwork Report in Physical Geography Importance of fieldwork in Physical Geography The process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, topographic features and natural environments is considered as the field work. Field work is conducted not only in the wild of our everyday surroundings but also in the semi-controlled environments of a lab or classroom. Generally, field work contributes to help researchers to collect data about the people, species and dynamic places surrounding them. It is the fieldwork which enables the students as well as the researchers to examine how the scientific theories interact with real life. The importance of fieldwork is enormous in both the social and natural sciences. Social sciences deals with economics or history and mainly focus on people, culture, and society while natural sciences, such as biology or chemistry, focus on physical characteristics of nature as well as natural environments. So, in physical geography fieldwork is a standard method which offers new understandings of physical phenomena that can be obtained most clearly. In this way fieldwork turns out to be a highly enthusiastic means to obtain new interpretations when combined with proper tools and techniques associated with other wide-ranging mapping tools in the geographic information science (GIS science) laboratory like land cover or land shape data as well as digital elevation models derived from satellite imagery. Field work in Sundarban Sundarban is positioned along the cost of Bay of Bengal in the southern part of Bangladesh covering an area of 272,510 hectares of which 139,500 hectors are in Bangladesh and the remaining 133,010 hectares form the Indian part. The Sundarbans (Bangladesh part) was designated as a world heritage sites in 1997 by the UNESCO. The worlds largest mangrove Sundarbans consist of three wildlife sanctuaries (Sundarbans West, East and South) which are lying on disjunctive deltaic islands close to the boundary with India in the west of the main outflow of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. A complex network of tidal waterways, mud flats and small islands of salt tolerant mangrove forests intersected these sanctuaries. During high tides the area is swamped with brackish water that mix with freshwater from inland rivers. Alluvial deposits in this area are geologically very recent and deep. The landscape of Sundarban is dynamic in nature which is constantly being changed due to the combine d effect of the monsoon rains, delta formation, flooding and tidal influence. Sundarban. the largest mangrove forest in the world is an excellent example of a rich biodiversity and ongoing ecological processes. Moreover, Sundarban is illustrious because of its extensive range of flora such as Sundari (Heritiera fomes), Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha), Goran (Ceriops decandra), Hetal (Phoenix paludosa), Kholshi (Aegiceras corniculatum), Passur (Xylocarpus granatum), Hargoja (Acanthus ilicifolius), Keora (Sonneratia apetala), Kakra (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza), Kerpa (Lumnitzera racemosa), Nolkhagra (Phragmites australis) etc. though the forest flora in the western Sundarbans is not as diverse as in the east because of the abundance of saline conditions. Moreover, the sunderbans of Bangladsh supports largest diversity of fauna including the famous Royal Bengal tiger, different species of birds, numerous reptiles, and other endangered species, such as the estuarine crocodile and then Indian python. That is why Sundarban is a place of great interest for the researchers to conduct field work. Places of interest in Sundarban during the fieldwork: Katka Katka is situated at about 100 km from Mongla about 150km from Khulna city. It is considered as one of the most magnificent spots in Sundarban, where one will see Spotted Deers and Royal Bengal Tiger. This beautiful spot however was severely damaged during the cyclone SIDR. A beautiful sea beach is located on the west of this point and this place is more wild comparing to Hiron point. Major Attractions: Spotted Deer herds Jamtala watchtower to view wildlife Basking Crocodiles Tiger spotting The Katka beach Proposed fieldworks: Soil sample collection from Kotka by boring. Sediment collection through â€Å"sediment trapper† near Kotka Collection of water sample. Dublar Char Dublar char is located 25 km southwest of Katka and 35 km southeast of Nilkamal (Hironpoint). This is essentially known as the fisherman’s island. Major Attractions: Numerous species of fish and crab Raash mela on November Local fish processing procedures Unique topographical features Proposed fieldworks: Colleting soil samples by boring and using monolith, Determining the spot height points, wind speed and tidal information, Data collection of vegetation and biodiversity in that area, Collecting water samples, Surveying on the problems Prospects related to fish drying sector. Karamjal Karamjal is situated in the northeastern part of Shundarban near the Mongla port. It is 107 km away from Khulna city and is a significant eco-truism spot. Major Attractions: Basking Crocodiles breeding farm Monkeys Various representative plants of Shundarban Otter and Spotted Deer Proposed fieldworks: Colleting soil samples Soil samples , Collecting sediments from the river bed water sample collection Activities during the fieldwork The journey for Shundarban started in the morning of 9th November 2013 at 8.30 am. The fieldwork started by collecting â€Å"soil sample† through â€Å"boring† collection of â€Å"sediments† by â€Å"sediment trapper† and water sample collection near kotka in 10th November, 2013 and ended it by visiting Karamjal tourist spot and collecting of sediments from there in 13th November, 2013. The day to day description of activities during the fieldwork is given below:- Day-1 (10.11.13) Visited the Jamtala watchtower at Katka to view amazing wildlife Visited the beautiful Katka beach Collected sediments by â€Å"sediment trapper† Collected water sample. Day-2 (11.11.13) Studied the soil profile of Dublar Char (east side) to identify the Sedimentary Sequence based on Litho-stratigraphic Survey. Water sample collected by Hydrological survey. Measured the biodiversity and identified by vegetation survey. Identified and determined the spot height points by leveling survey. Measured the wind speed wave by GEOTIMED group survey. Observed and collected information of human economical activities focusing on the people related to the dry fish industry of Dublar Char by FGED group Questionnaire survey. Collected river bed sediments by â€Å"sediment trapper† Day-3 (12.11.13) Visited the West side of Dubler char. Collected information of human economical activities focusing on the people related to the dry fish industry of Dublar Char by FGED group Questionnaire survey. Arranged a Cultural program a Feast. Day-4 (13.11.13) Visited Karamjal. Collected soil sample from Karamjal. Arranged a formal Viva exam by honorable teachers. Major Challenges Fieldwork in Sundarban proved to be a quite difficult task in many ways. Some major challenges that we figured out during the fieldwork can be stated as following: Challenges during the study of soil profiles and lithological Survey: . The sample got a bit disturbed while preparing the profile as the soil was a bit friable. Loss of soil while cleaning up profile Presence and seepage of water in the study site.( From nearby water body) The soil sample collected by the gauge sampler sample got a bit disturbed. Human induced problems and technical error while collecting soil sample. Challenges during the study of Wave Wind measurement and hydrological survey: Facing difficulties during the plotting of the GEOTIMED device. Human induced troubles and technical error during wind speed measurement. Extreme time consumption during the survey . Insufficient collection of data. Challenges during the study of Biodiversity Vegetation survey : Risk of attack by tigers. Grid formation was disturbed by Dense plantation and obstructed the work. It was time consuming process to locate each grid. Identification of species was quite difficult.