Intercultural communication issue Essay Example for Free

Intercultural communication issue Essay Intercultural Communication Issue: Electronic Mail Meanings reside in people, not in words (Littlejohn, 2001, 39). This basic precept of language can be deemed a positive axiom for successful communication. Whenever possible, both parties should seek a common code and/or attempt to understand cultural differences in coding systems. Admittedly, it is difficult to arrive at a common code if a person and his communication partner speak different languages. The English language contains countless subcodes. Even nonverbal cues shift from culture to culture. Much like in the case of this electronic message sent by a hypothetical boss to a representative of a department flocked with Hongkong-based Chinese nationals: I wanted to welcome you ASAP to our little family here in the States. Its high time we shook hands in person and not just across the sea. Im pleased as punch about getting to know you all, and I for one will do my level best to sell you on America. The statement above is a blend of American vernacular and idiomatic expression. It appears to be a simple salutatory message that turns embedded in unnecessary verbosity. This communication style takes risks in seeking suitable interpretation on the part of the message recipients. The words or phrases ASAP, across the sea, punch, and sell for Americans are easy to understand and can even cause no outstanding remarks from them. But to use these words in a message meant for relatively new employees with a relatively different linguistic background, startling and even violent reactions might be elicited. In fairness to Hongkongers, they are officially bilingual between Chinese and English. After the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the Peoples Republic of China in 1997, both Chinese and English remained the official language of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. English is the major working language in Hong Kong, and is widely used in commercial activities and legal matters (Flores, et al. , 1991, 246). However, this gift of bilingualism may likewise yield confusion, as British idioms are different from Americans’. Moreover, code-switching between Cantonese and English may not help them fathom best the message above. Some purist scholars consider Cantonese speakers who incorporate too much English are even dubbed language-handicapped (Flores, et al. , 1991, 245). And because the message was delivered through a virtual channel, the importance of nonverbal aspect of the communication is overlooked. This could have done the job of exhibiting the context most especially should the weight of the message comes to such portions as punch or sell you. The boss should have noted that communication is defined more by behavior than the communication event itself (Kale and Luke, 1991, 7). Nonverbal behaviors also shift from culture to culture and bilingualism may provide little help if the communicators had not developed code sensitivity toward the culture-specific message systems. With simplicity, neutrality and cordiality in mind, Hence, the message to be conveyed to the migrant employees should more or less look like this: â€Å"Good day! We welcome you once again to Will and Hung Company! May you find your new home over here in the United States as we are as earnest to make this company a place for you to work with satisfaction. † From this takes off a working atmosphere that encourages these new people to feed back in order for them to adjust their behavior to the relatively new environment. The boss must indeed shake their hands in person because it is indeed high time to use nonverbal actions as a way of inspiring them to respond to him in all honesty. He must think for a moment of all the positive attitudes and images he associates with smiling, head nodding, leaning forward, and laughing. ough these behaviors seem very Western, they often produce positive reactions in other cultures. Furthermore, interesting research findings suggest that communication changes encroach on how people relate to one another in organizations. Computer-mediated communications differ from face-to-face and telephone interactions in three important respects: there is a greater sense of anonymity; there is creation of new groups; and there is also susceptibility to computer addiction (Sullivan, 2003). Many executives become less social and less available for face-to-face conversations (Braun, 2002). Adjustment efforts must also manifest on the part of the host culture. Because much of the world speaks English, many of Americans have a tendency to assume we need not learn a foreign language. The very fact that others have made an attempt to learn our language should motivate us to reciprocate. There is more to language than vocabulary, syntax, and dialects. Language is more than a vehicle of communication; it teaches one a culture’s lifestyle, ways of thinking, and different patterns of interacting. References Braun, Patrice. (2002). â€Å"Digital Knowledge Networks: Linking Communities of Practice with Innovation.† Journal of Business Strategies. Flores, B. , Cousin, P. T. Diaz, E. (1991). Transforming Deficit Myths About Learning, Language, And Culture. Language Arts (pp. 245-246). Littlejohn, Stephen W. (2001). â€Å"Theories of Signs and Language. † Theories of Human Communication (p. 39). Wadsworth Publishing. Kale, J. Luke, A. (1991). Doing Things With Words: Early Language Socialization. The Literacy Agenda: Issues for the Nineties (p. 7). Victoria: Eleanor Curtain. Sullivan, Daniel. (2003). â€Å"International Business: An Emerging Vision. † Journal of International Business Studies.

Beach Burial Essay -- English Literature

Beach Burial Beach Burial says only that men die and are buried. Is this a fair evaluation of the poem? Beach Burial is a poem which deals with many issues, not only about men dying and being buried. This is by no means a fair evaluation of the poem. The poem in actual fact deals with the problems in war, and it encases a hidden meaning, which is equality. This poem dwells heavily on the problems in war. It describes how high the death toll is for both sides. Slessor uses â€Å"convoys of dead sailors† to show that all these dead body’s are very much alike, with their movements and feelings being the same. It also outlines a major problem in war, being able to identify and bury they dead properly. "And each cross, the driven stake of tide-wood, bears the last signature of m...

Persuasive- Pro Gay Marriage Essay

The legalization of same-sex marriage benefits both LGBT people and America as a nation. As states progressively begin to legalize same-sex marriage, it’s a convenient time to refocus attention on the many advantages associated with the pursuit and achievement of marriage equality. If same-sex marriages are legalized in Texas, not only will it benefit the state but also it will promote equality and non-discrimination in society, provide economic and business opportunities, and strengthen America’s national identity and international reputation. Millions of LGBT people contribute daily to American life in a multitude of ways culturally, socially, financially, politically, vocationally, and spiritually. They are vital to this nation’s continued growth and evolution and the U.S.A. would suffer greatly from the extraction of their many contributions. The legalization of same-sex marriage encourages the human right that everyone deserves. This promotion of equality and non-discrimination is extremely important in reducing homophobia and encouraging a minority group in society that has suffered colossal amounts of disgust that nobody deserves. â€Å"More than 1 in 5 LGBTQ students are physically harassed or assaulted because of their sexual orientation.† Children and young adults are being bullied because of whom they like; many of them cannot deal with this harassment and end up committing suicide. A large part of this nation’s future will be dead if this nonsense doesn’t quit. What more of a reason d o people need to know to see that homophobia is wicked and same-sex marriage should be permitted? It has been proven that same-sex marriage has provided a major economical boost to those states and countries that have embraced marriage equality. The marriage and wedding industry is a significant one. â€Å"Nearly $260 million was injected into the New York City economy in the year following the legalization of same-sex marriage.† It’s obvious that money-obsessed geezers that are always looking for a way to get more money out of citizens run the government. They’d be absolutely blind and useless not to acknowledge that authorizing same-sex marriages could be a win-win for both them and gay couples. America has historically presented itself as a global leader in matters of freedom and democracy. It’s unfortunate and ironic, however, that  back on home soil one particular group of people is consistently denied full access to the â€Å"American dream.† The fact that the federal government doesn’t recognize same-sex marriage in a majority of the states has damaged America’s international reputation in relation to LGBT rights. If people would stop discriminating and start embracing this way of life it would play a key role in enhancing America’s international reputation in matters of social justice and in restoring this nation’s integrity as a global leader in the competence of civil and human rights. Also, â€Å"Liberty and justice for all† would finally be believable when same-sex couples are granted equal access to laws across the country. It’s time for things to change and begin to celebrate diversity and difference in our society, rather than continuing to fear or attack it.

Examples Of Patriotism In Julius Caesar - 1183 Words

â€Å"All creatures are flawed, but out of the flaw may come the universe.† Everybody demonstrates traits that eventually could lead to being a tragic flaw, sometimes with realizing it and sometimes without realizing it. Brutus’s tragic flaw is patriotism. This is a good trait to have but it can and did lead to be a downfall. Brutus is a patriotic character because he is looking out for the good of Rome in every action he takes. First, he recognizes Julius Caesar as a bad ruler for Rome and wants to do something about it. Then he does something about it, kills Caesar. Where Brutus’ patriotism leads to a downfall is when he uses it to explain why he does not like Caesar ruling Rome and then justifies killing Caesar. Brutus did not recognize his†¦show more content†¦After, Brutus is persuading the plebeians that this was the right action to be taken for Rome. He justifies killing Caesar using his patriotism. Claiming that what he did was necessary to prote ct everyone in Rome. This leads to the tragic flaw when Brutus is justifying the death of Caesar. In Act three Brutus is justifying the reason for killing Caesar to the plebeians to maintain his reputation. â€Å"If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of / Caesars, to him I say that Brutus’s love to Caesar was / no less than his. If then that friend demand why / Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not / that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.† (3.2.17-22). This quote is justifying the reason Brutus killed Caesar, and him trying to make the plebeians understand that it was to better them and Rome. Brutus is saying that he loved Caesar just as much as they did, he just did not think Caesar was the best leader for Rome. Brutus is justifying the death of Caesar using his patriotism, his love for Rome. Brutus went against the plebeians in killing Caesar and now has to win them back over to his and Cassius’ side to convince them tha t it was the right decision for Rome to have him killed. Brutus’ act of patriotism leads to the downfall when he uses it to justify the action of killing Caesar. Throughout the Tragedy of Julius Caesar Brutus’ actions test his honorable and patriotic reputation. He then has to ensure his personal honor toShow MoreRelatedThe Consequences Of Patriotism As Moral Justification1456 Words   |  6 PagesJoshua Soifer Ms. Pultz English 9B 12 June 2017 Et Tu, Machiavelli – The Consequences of Patriotism as Moral Justification Civil rights activist Malcolm X once claimed that â€Å"You re not supposed to be so blind with patriotism that you can t face reality. Wrong is wrong, no matter who says it†. Patriotism plays a principal role in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. In Julius Caesar, Shakespeare uses the actions of Brutus in order to demonstrate the immorality of taking patriotic duty to be an absoluteRead MoreSympathizing with Brutus of William Shakespeares Julius Caesar1130 Words   |  5 PagesSympathizing with Brutus of William Shakespeares Julius Caesar Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is an interesting and complex play based on historical events that took place in Rome in 44 BC. The plot revolves around the assassination of Julius Caesar by his closest friend- Marcus Brutus, and Marc Antonys attempt to avenge his death. The play portrays many important themes that are still relevant in todays society like the struggle for political power; loveRead MoreBrutus from Julius Caesars Leadership Qualities761 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ In the play Julius Caesar, several people compete to be the leader of Rome. Cassius and other conspirators are jealous of Caesar, and they want to kill him for revenge. Brutus doesn’t want to be part of the conspiracy, but is tricked into becoming a head member, due to his strong leadership qualities of honor, trustworthiness, and patriotism. Brutus loves the republic, but is tricked into believing Caesar would hurt the republic. Brutus would be an effective leader because he exhibits honorRead MoreComparing the Speeches of Mark Antony and Brutus in Julius Caesar2122 Words   |  9 PagesComparing the Speeches of Mark Antony and Brutus in Julius Caesar The play Julius Caesar was first performed in 1599 at the Globe theatre in London. The Globe theatre was built earlier that year and Julius Caesar was one of the first plays performed there. This gives us reason to believe that the play was written towards the end of 1598 and beginning of 1599. William Shakespeare wrote the play Julius Caesar because Plutarchs Lives, William Shakespeares sourceRead MoreJulius Caesar - English Yr 12 - Conflicting Perspectives Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesThis can be seen through the texts Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, the article Arguments Against Abortion by Kerby Anderson and the essay ‘Abortion and the Alternatives by Voula Papas. In the text Julius caesar conflicting perspectives can be seen in act 3 scene one where both Brutus and Antony give speeches about caesars death. In Brutus’s speech he uses a number of rhetorical features and logic to convince the Plebeians that the killing of Caesar was carried out for the â€Å"goodness ofRead MoreFate vs. Free Will Julius Caesar Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare there are two forces at work fate and freewill and throughout the play they are both fighting for control over man. Fate was shown in the many prophecies and omens that the characters viewed throughout the entire play. Free will as defined in the play is the ability to overcome fate. Although in the end all three of the characters succumbed to their fate, Shakespeare shows again that there is a delicate balance between fate and human free will. Read MoreJulius Caesar Flaws Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeares Julius Caesar there were many people that had major faults that hurt them but also so helped them in some cases. For example; Antony, Cassius, Brutus, and even Caesar himself. in that day in age patriotism was a noble thing and as many people stated Brutus was a noble man. Brutus didnt believe Caesar should have been in power and that Caesar was overly ambitious and that his ambition would cause problems for the kingdom. When Caesar first became the ruler Cassius andRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Marcus Junius Brutus Minor Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesLepidus; his mother was the half-sister of Cato the Younger, and later Julius Caesar s mistress. Some sources refer to the possibility of Caesar being his real father,despite Caesar s being only 15 years old when Brutus was born. Brutus uncle, Quintus Servilius Caepio, adopted him in about 59 BC, and Brutus was known officially for a time as Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus before he reverted to using his birth-name. Following Caesar s assassination in 44 BC, Brutus revived his adoptive name in orderRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar760 Words   |  4 Pagespeople of Rome. In Julius Caesar written by William Shakespeare, Brutus and Antony address the people over Caesar’s dead body. The body is brought to the town square shortly after he was murdered by the Senate. Brutus, one of the murderers, appeals to the people’s fear and p atriotism. Antony speaks after and puts doubts of the justification of the murder and plays to the people’s hearts. Brutus addresses the crowd by using his reputation to support his reasons for killing Caesar. He starts his speechRead MoreHow Does Rhetoric Affect Our Life?1400 Words   |  6 Pagesor their inner most desires. In Julius Caesar, Shakespeare provides us with many examples of rhetoric, some of which this paper will discuss. They are both successful and unsuccessful examples of how rhetorical persuasion. The first example of successful rhetoric in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is where Cassius persuades Brutus to believe that Caesar would become a tyrant to the citizens of Rome. Cassius needs Brutus to be on board with his plan to do away with Caesar, because of his popularity and

Essay about The Nature of Evil in William Shakespeares...

The Nature of Evil in William Shakespeares Hamlet Works Cited Missing Hamlet is a Shakespearean revenge tragedy, which was a strong, and entertaining form of drama popular in the Elizabethan era during which Shakespeare (1562-1616) lived. Hamlet, like many of Shakespeares plays has been inspired by another famous tragedy, in this case, The Spanish Tragedy, a revenge play written by Thomas Kyd. The great political turbulence that was taking place in England with conspiracies against the Queen and those in power could also have prompted Shakespeare to write a play like Hamlet. Though†¦show more content†¦In Hamlet, Shakespeare has portrayed evil as something that corrupts and deceives and upon analysis, one finds images which give the feeling of disgust and sickness, as in the Ghosts speech in Act 1, Scene 5, where he describes the effect of the poison Claudius had poured in his ears by saying, And curd, like eag er droppings into the milk/The thin and wholesome blood. So did it mine/And a most instant tetter barkd about/Most lazar-like with vile and loathsome crust. Such graphic imagery is found again in Act 5, Scene 4 where Hamlet asks his mother to accept her mistake and not to use Hamlets madness as an excuse for his words - Lay not that madness upon your soul/That not your trespass but my madness speaks/It will but skin and film the ulcerous place/Whiles rank corruption, mining all within/Infects unseen. The continuous use of this sort of vivid and revolting imagery gives a feeling that the world is sick and disgusting and the audience would therefore make the audience realise the fact that evil causes corruption and sickness in the world. Though Hamlet intensely despised Claudius, it was his lustful relationship with the queen, which brought out the fiercest criticism from Hamlet, asShow MoreRelatedThe Nature of Evil in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesgood and evil since the emergence of civilization and, just as humankind has evolved over time, so has the definition of evil. Evil was first used to describe someone who placed themselves above others and it wasnt until the Old and Middle English period that evil became associated with wrong-doing. As time passed, the definition continued to become increasingly more specific until it reached its modern day definition: â€Å"extreme moral wickedness.† (www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=evil) HoweverRead More Claudius as Evil in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesClaudius as Evil in Hamlet by William Shakespeare The abstract concept of evil has vastly transformed throughout human history, ranging for the supernatural and mystical to the very humans amongst whom we live. In modern times, evil has become an entirely ambiguous term. Who is evil? What is evil? Men like Adolph Hitler and Saddam Hussein have been garnered with the term ‘evil’ for their atrocities against fellow humans. Now it seems evil has a solely human significance; when a person violatesRead MoreThe Plays of William Shakespeare681 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s Plays William Shakespeare, a British playwright and poet, is born in 1564. The exact day is not known. Shakespeare is baptized on April 25, so they say his birthday is April 23, 1564 (Boyce, Shakespeare). As an infant, he survives the plague that kills tons of people living near him. He is the son of John and Mary Arden Shakespeare. â€Å"His father is a prosperous and prominent tradesman, bailiff, and alderman, who suffered a decline in fortune and prestige† (Burt, Shakespeare). His fatherRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is a historic writer that is well known and wrote many plays in his lifetime. In most of his plays, if not all, he has incorporated hidden meanings and messages. The majority of his hidden meanings are controversial topics of his time period. In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the controversial topic that is throughout the play is religion and the afterlife. Afterlife plays a big role in Hamlet and is discussed t hroughout the play. Multiple authors have written on the topic of afterlifeRead More The Works of William Shakespeare Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Works of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is customary regarded to be the finest dramatist the world has ever seen and the greatest poet who has created his plays in the English language. Besides, Shakespeare has been the world’s most famous author. No other writer’s works have been published so many times or read so broadly in so many places. Shakespeare knew human nature as few other writers have. He could notice in a particular dramatic case the qualities that refer to all humanRead MoreElements of Religion in the Renaissance Portrayed in Hamlet by William Shakespeare751 Words   |  4 PagesRenaissance Portrayed in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Literature of the Renaissance was far different from that of the previous eras. Man was now thought of as the center of life, as opposed to God being the center in earlier times. Also, man was thought to have free will over his life, not being simply a pawn of the Gods. These new ideals were presented in the theaters as well as written literature. The esteemed William Shakespeare incorporatedRead MoreClaudius as Evil in Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay1029 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of evil has vastly transformed throughout human history, ranging for the supernatural and mystical to the very humans amongst whom we live. In modern times, evil has become an entirely ambiguous term. Who is evil? What is evil? Men like Adolph Hitler and Saddam Hussein have been garnered with the term ‘evil for their atrocities against fellow humans. Now it seems evil has a solely human significance; when a person violates the individual rights of others on a massive scale, he/she is evil. In ShakespearesRead MoreAn author can reveal characteristics of characters in literature through several different methods.900 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods. Some common methods of characterization include one’s appearance, speech, thoughts, name, actions, and emotions. However, unconventional means can also be used, such as imagery, which is visually descriptive or fig urative language. In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, imagery is used to characterize central characters to the play. Firstly, Hamlet’s characteristics are revealed through the imagery of death in his speech. Secondly, Claudius’ characteristics are revealed through the imagery in theRead More Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth 921 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Therefore, the supernatural is a recurring theme in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and an augmentation of the impact of many key scenes. TheRead More Comparing Shakespeares Hamlet and Marlowe of Conrads Heart of Darkness1192 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Shakespeares Hamlet and Marlowe of Conrads Heart of Darkness Prince Hamlet, of Shakespeares famed tragedy, and Marlowe of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, are similarly situated characters. Despite superficially different settings and plots, there is a remarkably similar thematic element shared between both works. Prince Hamlet and Marlowe are brought to the very brink of insanity by their immersion in worlds gone mad, yet still succeed. At their roots, the

Gandhi A Leader Of India s Movement - 1186 Words

Mohandas Gandhi was born in Porbandar, the present-day state of Gujarat in India, in the year 1869. He was raised by his father and his exceedingly religious mother who worshipped the Hindu god Vishnu and was influenced by Jainism, a religion that practiced self-discipline and nonviolence. Gandhi grew up exercising these same religions and followed Jainism to the point where he fasted and meditated regularly, practiced nonviolence, and was a vegetarian. These values that he grew up with became a large influence on how he would lead people later on in life. After perceiving social injustice towards Indian immigrants and experiencing racial discrimination on a train in South Africa, Gandhi would begin his journey on a path of fighting for civil rights. Gandhi would later become a leader of India’s movement towards independence from Britain. He fought against the British government through many nonviolent civil disobediences before dying in 1948. Throughout his life, Gandhi di splayed leadership characteristics and became one of the most well-known leaders in history. Even more remarkable was the way in which he led people. Gandhi used his values, his personality, and a servant-leader approach in order to better communicate and lead his followers to their goal of independence and civil fairness. First of all, Gandhi acted upon what he deemed valuable in order to be an effective leader. Gandhi received many of his values from his mother and childhood experiences. Due to hisShow MoreRelatedMahatma Gandhi : A Leader Of India s Independence Movement1230 Words   |  5 PagesMahatma Gandhi was a primary leader of India’s independence movement and also the architect of a form of non-violent civil disobedience that influenced the world. Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2nd, 1869 in Porbandar, Kathiawar, India, which was then apart of the British Empire. He was assassinated on January 30, 1948. His father, Karamchand Ghandi served as a chief minister a nd his mother Putlibai was deeply religious. Gandhi grew up worshipping the Hindu god Vishnu and followed Jainism, aRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : The First War Of Indian Independence1096 Words   |  5 PagesMahatma Gandhi was one with the greatest soul who was a freedom fighter, father of the nation and he was called ‘Bapu’ in the India. He took India to a totally new level by employing movements like non-violence, civil disobedience and civil rights during India’s freedom struggle with the British. He was fasting for purification, and respect for all religions. The British government rule in India under crown rule, ending a century of control of the East India Company. The life and death struggleRead MoreGandhi : A Leader Of Indian Nationalism Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mohatma Gandhi, was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British ruled India. He led India to independence by a nonviolent movement. He is widely considered as the most powerful and successful leader in the history of India. He believed in nonviolence. Many people believe that Mohatma Gandhi has abrupt contribution in the history of India. But it is a matter of sorrow that this leader had some problems that led the country towards an unknownRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : Gandhi ( Gandhi )1176 Words   |  5 PagesKaramchand Gandhi, also known as Gandhi Ji, Mahatma Gandhi and Bapu. He was a nationalist leader in India, known for establishing freedom in India from British through nonviolent movement. He professed the term’s passive resistance and civil disobedience insufficient for his work, however he devised a term call ed, Satyagraha (truth and firmness). He worked his whole life for peace and freedom in India, which I think, is something to be acknowledged by millions of people. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi wasRead MoreIndia Challenges Of India s Indian Movement Of Independence1477 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Gandhi challenges British rule in India When one imagines of the early 1940s’ Indian movement of independence, one figure readily clicks into the mind; the popular Mahatma Gandhi, who was an immensely leader in India. He was nicknamed Mahatma by most of his countrymen, a name that meant â€Å"The Great Soul†. This leader led to a remarkable change of the world far much beyond his sacrificial and successful struggle that led to the end of the British imperial rule in his nation, India. Gandhi believedRead MoreGandhi : The World Of Mahatma Gandhi1320 Words   |  6 PagesReligions May 6, 2016 Research Paper: Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, better known to the world as Mahatma Gandhi is one of the world’s main faces when we think or talk of the Indian independence movements, women’s rights and all around freedom for humanity. This individual used strategies and tactics of his own to achieve justice for the Indian culture while he was alive. Gandhi also worked to reform traditional Indian society in India as he was a mahatma, a Hindu term in the HinduRead MorePolitical Events Before Pakistan Making From 1942-19471014 Words   |  5 Pagesinto a battle field. And the war has come to the border of India. In India, the situation became more complicated, because congress wanted to take advantages of this situation for the independence. But British wanted to secure India. In these circumstances, the mission of British was sent to India under the leadership of Sir Stafford Cripps on 22 March 1942 called Cripps mission. The British government wanted to control the situation of India b y taking general election in the provinces till the SecondRead MoreGandhi : Man Of Power853 Words   |  4 Pages Gandhi: Man of Power When we think of leaders, we all have certain characteristics that come to mind. We consider those who are leaders, to be a person who had done something special in their time. That something may have changed something in their local community, or it may have changed the world (Lal, 2015). World history has known many examples of leaders that made a big change in the world. In the United States, there is little doubt that Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King are examples ofRead MoreGandhis Beliefs and Movements Essay696 Words   |  3 PagesGandhis Beliefs and Movements Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the leading spiritual, political, moral, and cultural leaders of the 1900s. He helped free India from British control by using a unique method of nonviolent resistance. Gandhi is honored by the people of India, as the father of their nation. He was slight in build, but had great physical and moral strength. He was assassinated, by an Indian, who resented his program of tolerance for all creeds and religions. Gandhi was born on OctRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : An Ethical Leader1292 Words   |  6 Pagesdirty, the ocean does not become dirty† (Mahatma Gandhi). This is one of the many inspirational quotes derived from one of the many more teachings Mahatma Gandhi accomplished throughout his life time. To become a leader one must be great, whether born gifted or to eventually achieve greatness. To become an ethical leader one must surpass the expectations that even society has set forth. Mahatma Gandhi has been viewed by most as a definite ethical leader. He has set the bar high with his words and has

Business Environment Themes and Issues

Question: Discuss about the Business Environment for Themes and Issues. Answer: Introduction: A sole trader is the person who needs a business licence before commencing with the business. A sole trader should first take into consideration the clerks advice and obtain relevant information that is being required to perform business. It is also mandatory for them to focus on matters like federal and state taxation requirements. In sole tradership business all the profits and loss that are being incurred comes under the personal income tax segment. He is also responsible for paying off the self-employment tax, which are the social security tax and medicare (Aktar 2016). Registration of the business name is another legal responsibility of the sole proprietor, which they should fulfil. For the partnership business, the partners have certain legal responsibilities like they are being responsible for maintenance of business records, keeping assets in order, paying the taxes in business. Further, the roles of the management of the individual partners setting out ahead of time in the management of partnership led to others fulfilling the same. As per Pakroo (2016), all partners would be bearing the legal duty in making sure that profits are being distributed in a manner that is being agreed on along with the other matters that is being listed in the agreement of partnership. For corporations it is the duty of the directors to make certain it retains its legal status keeping details of the financial records. There are certain obligations that corporations need to follow like obtaining federal and tax identification numbers for the business, filing of necessary tax returns on annual basis (Steingold 2015). It should also maintain records and other corporate books inclusive of the ledgers of accounting and corporate minute books. The corporations should be holding successive board meetings, recording decisions and actions of the board of directors in the corporate minute book. There are certain stipulations for forming a legal contract that can be stated as an offer, an acceptance, capable parties having the legal capacity to enter into a contract, lawful matter of the subject, mutual agreement, consideration, mutuality of obligation and if needed under the Statue of Frauds (Moran and Hunt 2014). Offer- An offer can be stated as a promise that has to be conditional upon an act, moderation or return promise that is being provided in exchange of the performance or promise that has been made. It is an expression of willingness for entering into a bargain that has been made in justifying the understanding of another party in inviting that person to bargain and would finish off it (Babin. and Zikmund 2015). Any sort of offer must be having a statement of present approval that is positive in terms along with the identification of the intended communication of the offer and probable offeree. Missing of any of these elements would make it impossible for the basis of the contract to be formed. Acceptance: An acceptance of offer is the expression of assent to the terms of it. It must come from the offeree in a manner demanded or authorized by the offeror. An acceptance is applicable only when the offeree knows about the order, the offeree patents acceptance intent where the offer is unconditional in nature and the acceptance is visible as per the offer terms (Scott 2015). The purpose of a valid agreement is generally governed by the promise or an act by the offeree was that the bargained for purpose. Competent parties: A competent party is a natural person agreeing to a contract having legal capacity in becoming accountable for duties beneath the contract unless that person turns out to be an infant, intoxicated or insane. Subject matter: A contract might be able to take in any sort of undertaking only on the condition that it is not been prohibited by law. At the time of forming a contract in command of trade, courts would not be enforcing it as it would be imposing an unlawful and unreasonable contract on commerce through hindrance of the competition (Oman 2017). Contracts that offer for the commission of a crime or any illegal intention are also invalid. Mutual Agreement: there has to be agreement among the parties or certain mutual consent for the formation of a contract. For the existence of the contract, the parties need to have a common intent or meeting of the minds on the contract terms, subscribing to the same bargain (Glover and Kusterer 2016). The parties might settle on one term at one single time but their agreement becomes a complete one only where there has been an assent to the final terms. Consideration: Consideration can be stated as a legal damage that is often been suffered by the promise that is often been demanded for his/her promise. Mutuality of Obligation: In this case it is the promises that constitutes the consideration in a bilateral contract with a mutually binding. This concept is stated to be obligation mutuality. If one of the parties does not bind him to some sort of performance, it is said to be illusionary promise and there would be no enforceable contract. In case of contracts that offers another party the cancellation rights, there might actually be no consideration due to lack of mutuality of obligation (Kubasek, Brennan and Browne 2016). Statement of Frauds: This got enacted in 1677 and since then has found place in both UK and US but in varied forms. It needs certain contracts to be in writing. The main purpose here is to avert the proof of an agreement that is non-existent in nature through fraud in the actions for contravene of alleged contract. There are two types of business contracts, which are bilateral and unilateral contracts. In case of bilateral contract, it is an agreement in which all, the parties involved in the contract makes certain promises to the other party (Vedder, et al. 2014). For example, in a contract where buying of a property is involved, the buyer promises in paying a certain fixed amount as per the deal and in exchange for that the seller promises to offer the property along with the property title. For unilateral contracts, it is one party making promise to the other. In this scenario, the other party does not get involved in any sort of promise (Ryan 2016). An example of this can be the reward contract where a particular party promises to reward to another party if that party can find the lost thing of the previous party. Here the previous party is involved in a promise but not the latter party. Liability is the part where one party presumes on behalf of the other via the contract known as the contractual liability. Contractual liability covers the automatically incorporated policy of general liability. Contractual liability indemnifies the policyholder from all the liabilities that may have been expressly defined in the contract (Babin, and Zikmund 2015). On the other hand, negligent torts are not any sort of actions that are deliberate in nature, but are presented when an individual fails in acting as a responsible person with someone he owes a duty to. The negligent action that has been found in the picky tort leads to personal loss. Negligence is the failure in using the reasonable care resulting in harming another party. Vicarious Liability refers to a particular state of affairs where somebody is being held liable for the behaviour of another person. In the workplace, an employer is generally liable for the oversight of its employees, offering that they occur in the employment course. Many employees are uninformed of the fact that they can be reliable for the variety of actions often dedicated by the employees in the employment course, bullying, discriminatory acts and harassment (Dyson, Goudkamp and Wilmot-Smith 2017). Lange v. Nabisco Biscuit Company: In 1969, Nabisco Biscuit Company hired a salesperson by the name of Ronnel Lynch for delivering and storing bakery products on the shelves of the stores. In his own territory, Lynch was in the habit of making stops at local stores for replenishing the products previously delivered in consumer purchase. He arrived at the store of Lynch for storing the stock in shelves, noticing that the major shelf space was not available. He involved in exchange of words with Lange over the shelves, assaulting him. On his way out, he threw down products on the floor. To this, Lange sued the biscuit company on the damages he suffered. He won the case, proving the Lynch working for Nabisco made company representative. Global forces that are affecting the UK business takes into account the growing level of multiculturalism among the organizations in UK and their ever increasing inter-dependency level on the national economies and others. Through the PESTEL analysis the global forces impact on the UK business environment can be evaluated. Political: -The level of stability in the global politics -Medias freedom extent -Initiatives in global trade control -Tariffs exiting between other countries and UK Economical: -Fluctuations in stock market -Crisis in the global economy -Increasing significance in initiatives of outsourcing Social: -Changes in the pattern of the family -Increase in the mobility between the social classes -Greater anxiety for minorities in society Technological: Level of infrastructure in global technology -Technology adoption as part of the competitive advantage through increasing business numbers Ecological: -Tendencies in global impacts -Increase in the level of air and pollution -Initiatives and actions taken up by the global organizations Legal -Laws and regulations as per the protection of data -Rules and regulations regarding global data protection Overall, the U.K business environment is getting hampered as there has been an increase in the in the import volume to UK, suppressing the export level from UK for the last few years. The importers like India and China have been showing enough competitiveness to the UK with the primary focus being on the low cost of labour. Increase in the level of multiculturalism in the workforce impacts highly on the global force on the UK business (Sherwin 2015). On the other hand, multiculturalism have the ability to benefit business in UK through provision of fresh and altering perspectives to conventional problems in business. High instance of multiculturalism at workplace can produce enough misunderstanding due to the differences in cross-culture having negative impact on the UK businesses perspective. As per the EU policies, UK businesses have been aiming in merging for seeking the approval of the EU if the amalgamated business turnover does go beyond the specific entrance of sales that has been specified by EU. The internet has been able to generate a global community of peers. Internet forums and chat rooms have been created staging a platform for the entrepreneurs to learn. In the present scenario, a person in Portland can now exchange valuable advice related to marketing with someone staying in Sydney or Auckland. Another biggest advantage is the use of internet in a cost effective manner. Advertising through online is less expensive than in the conventional media, facilitating the business to reach a targeted demographic (Daughety and Reinganum 2014). Internet is an open platform, and an expensive one that cannot be protected and contained. Internets nature generates opportunities for the hackers in taking advantage of the consumers who are vulnerable and organizations not focusing on security factors. Online organizations should do well in maintaining upgraded encryption and available security technology to the customers of products for any form of sensitive information. They must also be protecting their website from malware, viruses, hacking and other factors that might prevent it from functioning properly. Any breach in security can deter the customers, especially where credit card numbers and security numbers are susceptible. Types of e-commerce business models: This business model takes in selling products directly to the retail consumers through online. Amazon.com is a prime example of B2C model. An online identity through which it has the opportunity to provide various products to consumers through the B2C model It involves organizations using the internet for conducting transactions with each other. In case of B2B model there is enough complexity though it is multifaceted involving numerous transactions. An unique business model that takes in the value creation by consumers and demand for any product. Airline ticket websites are prime examples of C2B business model facilitating customers in bidding for tickets and offering their own prices. Fraud in internet and the sophistication has expended even quicker than the internet. There is enough probability of crime over the internet when the buyers and sellers are unknown to each other. Through e-commerce, people have been witnessing lot of crimes that are being committed over the internet. Fraud on the internet: The popularity of websites have given birth to e-commerce fraud. This has been a hot topic for both the cyber merchants and the click-and-mortar ones. The frauds have been active mainly stock areas. The promoters of stock are luring the petite investors on the guarantee of false profits. Auctions are also being conductive to deception, by both the buyers and the sellers. As per Wetherly and Otter (2014), pop up ads and emails availability have cemented the way for financial criminals in having easy access towards the people. The laws in copyright of the intellectual property in protecting different forms are not been used in free manner. In e-commerce, it is very difficult to protect the intellectual property. For instance if one is buying software, one has the right to employ it and not the right of distributing the same. The distribution privileges remain mainly with the holder of the copyrights. Another legal issue is the domain names, which appears in levels. Top-level domain names are being assigned by the organization that is non-profit in nature, checking in the conflicts or possible violation of the trademarks (Hamilton and Webster 2015). Problem occurs when various companies have same names competing over the other with the same domain name. Market forces are generally the demand and supply that affects price and item quantity. Organizations have been trying to focus on their operations in trying to appreciate, forecast and persuade their services and products demand. Market forces have the ability to affect the price and organizations would be working towards ensuring there is immense benefit in such impact (Hill, Cronk and Wickramasekera 2013). All the organization should be able to react to the four primary demands of the market taking various forms like cycle time, quality, satisfaction of consumers and profitability. Organizations need to be supple and flexible, competent of measuring the efficiency in responding to their speedily changing technology. As per De Medeiros, Ribeiro and Cortimiglia (2014), output and pricing decisions have been interdependent except in perfectly competitive markets. In case of perfect competitive markets, individual firms are small in comparison to the markets, that it cannot influence the prices. In such cases, the company should take in the given price and then decide on the quantity to be supplied. Cost also have been playing influential role in organizational price setting. An organization might sell its products at fewer prices than that of its competitors even when it generally incurs high cost. The legal and regulatory issues too have been persuading the marketers in changing pricing decisions. The regulatory and legal laws have been setting prices on different products like insurance. Market competition also takes into account the pricing and output decision of the organization. Organizations generally match the pricing factor of their competitors and assess factors like responding to price ch ange. The marketing environment can be considered the important factor that every organization should consider at the time of improving on their products. The marketing environment elements have been taking in the customers changing preferences, competition, political environment, budget, present trends and the overall economy. To be successful, every organization need to focus on the present trends in the market and the preference of consumers. For instance, big retailers have gone online in opening corporate accounts for adapting with the consumers increasing use of social media. Budget also plays an important role in the marketing decisions like buying of advertising and affording to place it. Competitors too prudent the decisions in marketing on the effectiveness of the company and the ways they are good in disrupting your plans. For instance rivals might price their products at lower price, but this company needs to make customers understand on the superior quality of their product. Designing a website that is user focused is an significant element in internet marketing. A website that is designed nicely can suggest visitors that the marketer takes pride in the way the site looks. Strategic Content Every single page on the website should be having the goal that the marketer or users need to take like purchasing a product, watching videos, clicking a link and downloading of documents. Each word content in the website should be having a purpose. Marketers should simplify their services in the website or things might get jumbled up and consumers might feel lost. An example of In-N-Out Burger is the ebst on how the online menu should be. They have the shortest menu on offer: Cheeseburger Hambuger French Fries Milkshakes Sodas Benefits of Online Marketing: Cost effective: Online advertisement can be stated as the cost effective method in marketing as compared to some of the other mediums. Business owners should have the ability to produce, deliver and perform a marketing campaign that is online in nature spending that much which is necessary. Great Flexibility: Alterations of campaigns possible to test the new markets, evaluation of the fresh programs and making changes to specific ones Search engine Optimization: There is existence of organizations specializing in assisting companies market their services and products in the best possible way in positioning them at the top of the important search engines like Bing and Google. There are several online tools like feedback forms, content, bookmarking and online chats that makes internet marketing effective. Organizations often make use of feedback forms in improving their own site and offering better service to customers. Its about knowing what the customers have to say and want from the organization offering an opportunity to improve. Content in websites can be an effective tool in encouraging customers to visit repeatedly along with knowledge that matters. Online chat is the place where customers can come together and share their views and other grievances if anywhere marketers can learn about the trends and consider the ways industry is taking a turn. An order processing system generally captures order data from the employees in customer service, storing the data in the central database, sending information on order to the departments of accounting and shipping. According to Dabic, Gonzlez-Loureiro and Harvey (2015), customer satisfaction is important in the long run for business and fulfilling reliably the orders of customers is key too. Order processing system helps in ensuring that the filling up of customers orders are being done on time as automated systems have the power of controlling errors. Having some of the best order processing system, helps in a win-win situation for businesses, as customers generally experience deliveries of reliant nature and accuracy in order fulfilment. 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